# <pre>


# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of


# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.





# From Paul Eggert (1999-11-15):


# To keep things manageable, we list only locations occupied year-round; see


# <a href="http://www.comnap.aq/comnap/comnap.nsf/P/Stations/">


# COMNAP - Stations and Bases


# </a>


# and


# <a href="http://www.spri.cam.ac.uk/bob/periant.htm">


# Summary of the Peri-Antarctic Islands (1998-07-23)


# </a>


# for information.


# Unless otherwise specified, we have no time zone information.


#


# Except for the French entries,


# I made up all time zone abbreviations mentioned here; corrections welcome!


# FORMAT is `zzz' and GMTOFF is 0 for locations while uninhabited.





# These rules are stolen from the `southamerica' file.


# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S


Rule	ArgAQ	1964	1966	-	Mar	 1	0:00	0	-


Rule	ArgAQ	1964	1966	-	Oct	15	0:00	1:00	S


Rule	ArgAQ	1967	only	-	Apr	 2	0:00	0	-


Rule	ArgAQ	1967	1968	-	Oct	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	S


Rule	ArgAQ	1968	1969	-	Apr	Sun>=1	0:00	0	-


Rule	ArgAQ	1974	only	-	Jan	23	0:00	1:00	S


Rule	ArgAQ	1974	only	-	May	 1	0:00	0	-


Rule	ChileAQ	1972	1986	-	Mar	Sun>=9	3:00u	0	-


Rule	ChileAQ	1974	1987	-	Oct	Sun>=9	4:00u	1:00	S


Rule	ChileAQ	1987	only	-	Apr	12	3:00u	0	-


Rule	ChileAQ	1988	1989	-	Mar	Sun>=9	3:00u	0	-


Rule	ChileAQ	1988	only	-	Oct	Sun>=1	4:00u	1:00	S


Rule	ChileAQ	1989	only	-	Oct	Sun>=9	4:00u	1:00	S


Rule	ChileAQ	1990	only	-	Mar	18	3:00u	0	-


Rule	ChileAQ	1990	only	-	Sep	16	4:00u	1:00	S


Rule	ChileAQ	1991	1996	-	Mar	Sun>=9	3:00u	0	-


Rule	ChileAQ	1991	1997	-	Oct	Sun>=9	4:00u	1:00	S


Rule	ChileAQ	1997	only	-	Mar	30	3:00u	0	-


Rule	ChileAQ	1998	only	-	Mar	Sun>=9	3:00u	0	-


Rule	ChileAQ	1998	only	-	Sep	27	4:00u	1:00	S


Rule	ChileAQ	1999	only	-	Apr	 4	3:00u	0	-


Rule	ChileAQ	1999	2010	-	Oct	Sun>=9	4:00u	1:00	S


Rule	ChileAQ	2000	2007	-	Mar	Sun>=9	3:00u	0	-


# N.B.: the end of March 29 in Chile is March 30 in Universal time,


# which is used below in specifying the transition.


Rule	ChileAQ	2008	only	-	Mar	30	3:00u	0	-


Rule	ChileAQ	2009	only	-	Mar	Sun>=9	3:00u	0	-


Rule	ChileAQ	2010	only	-	Apr	Sun>=1	3:00u	0	-


Rule	ChileAQ	2011	only	-	May	Sun>=2	3:00u	0	-


Rule	ChileAQ	2011	only	-	Aug	Sun>=16	4:00u	1:00	S


Rule	ChileAQ	2012	only	-	Apr	Sun>=23	3:00u	0	-


Rule	ChileAQ	2012	only	-	Sep	Sun>=2	4:00u	1:00	S


Rule	ChileAQ	2013	max	-	Mar	Sun>=9	3:00u	0	-


Rule	ChileAQ	2013	max	-	Oct	Sun>=9	4:00u	1:00	S





# These rules are stolen from the `australasia' file.


Rule	AusAQ	1917	only	-	Jan	 1	0:01	1:00	-


Rule	AusAQ	1917	only	-	Mar	25	2:00	0	-


Rule	AusAQ	1942	only	-	Jan	 1	2:00	1:00	-


Rule	AusAQ	1942	only	-	Mar	29	2:00	0	-


Rule	AusAQ	1942	only	-	Sep	27	2:00	1:00	-


Rule	AusAQ	1943	1944	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	0	-


Rule	AusAQ	1943	only	-	Oct	 3	2:00	1:00	-


Rule	ATAQ	1967	only	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	-


Rule	ATAQ	1968	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	-


Rule	ATAQ	1968	1985	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-


Rule	ATAQ	1969	1971	-	Mar	Sun>=8	2:00s	0	-


Rule	ATAQ	1972	only	-	Feb	lastSun	2:00s	0	-


Rule	ATAQ	1973	1981	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-


Rule	ATAQ	1982	1983	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	-


Rule	ATAQ	1984	1986	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-


Rule	ATAQ	1986	only	-	Oct	Sun>=15	2:00s	1:00	-


Rule	ATAQ	1987	1990	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00s	0	-


Rule	ATAQ	1987	only	-	Oct	Sun>=22	2:00s	1:00	-


Rule	ATAQ	1988	1990	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-


Rule	ATAQ	1991	1999	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	-


Rule	ATAQ	1991	2005	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	-


Rule	ATAQ	2000	only	-	Aug	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-


Rule	ATAQ	2001	max	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	-


Rule	ATAQ	2006	only	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-


Rule	ATAQ	2007	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	-


Rule	ATAQ	2008	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-





# Argentina - year-round bases


# Belgrano II, Confin Coast, -770227-0343737, since 1972-02-05


# Esperanza, San Martin Land, -6323-05659, since 1952-12-17


# Jubany, Potter Peninsula, King George Island, -6414-0602320, since 1982-01


# Marambio, Seymour I, -6414-05637, since 1969-10-29


# Orcadas, Laurie I, -6016-04444, since 1904-02-22


# San Martin, Debenham I, -6807-06708, since 1951-03-21


#	(except 1960-03 / 1976-03-21)





# Australia - territories


# Heard Island, McDonald Islands (uninhabited)


#	previously sealers and scientific personnel wintered


#	<a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20021204222245/http://www.dstc.qut.edu.au/DST/marg/daylight.html">


#	Margaret Turner reports


#	</a> (1999-09-30) that they're UTC+5, with no DST;


#	presumably this is when they have visitors.


#


# year-round bases


# Casey, Bailey Peninsula, -6617+11032, since 1969


# Davis, Vestfold Hills, -6835+07759, since 1957-01-13


#	(except 1964-11 - 1969-02)


# Mawson, Holme Bay, -6736+06253, since 1954-02-13





# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-11):


# Three Australian stations in Antarctica have changed their time zone:


# Casey moved from UTC+8 to UTC+11


# Davis moved from UTC+7 to UTC+5


# Mawson moved from UTC+6 to UTC+5


# The changes occurred on 2009-10-18 at 02:00 (local times).


#


# Government source: (Australian Antarctic Division)


# <a href="http://www.aad.gov.au/default.asp?casid=37079">


# http://www.aad.gov.au/default.asp?casid=37079


# </a>


#


# We have more background information here:


# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antarctica-new-times.html">


# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antarctica-new-times.html


# </a>





# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-10):


# We got these changes from the Australian Antarctic Division:


# - Macquarie Island will stay on UTC+11 for winter and therefore not


# switch back from daylight savings time when other parts of Australia do


# on 4 April.


#


# - Casey station reverted to its normal time of UTC+8 on 5 March 2010.


# The change to UTC+11 is being considered as a regular summer thing but


# has not been decided yet.


#


# - Davis station will revert to its normal time of UTC+7 at 10 March 2010


# 20:00 UTC.


#


# - Mawson station stays on UTC+5.


#


# In addition to the Rule changes for Casey/Davis, it means that Macquarie


# will no longer be like Hobart and will have to have its own Zone created.


#


# Background:


# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antartica-time-changes-2010.html">


# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antartica-time-changes-2010.html


# </a>





# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]


Zone Antarctica/Casey	0	-	zzz	1969


			8:00	-	WST	2009 Oct 18 2:00


						# Western (Aus) Standard Time


			11:00	-	CAST	2010 Mar 5 2:00


						# Casey Time


			8:00	-	WST	2011 Oct 28 2:00


			11:00	-	CAST	2012 Feb 21 17:00u


			8:00	-	WST


Zone Antarctica/Davis	0	-	zzz	1957 Jan 13


			7:00	-	DAVT	1964 Nov # Davis Time


			0	-	zzz	1969 Feb


			7:00	-	DAVT	2009 Oct 18 2:00


			5:00	-	DAVT	2010 Mar 10 20:00u


			7:00	-	DAVT	2011 Oct 28 2:00


			5:00	-	DAVT	2012 Feb 21 20:00u


			7:00	-	DAVT


Zone Antarctica/Mawson	0	-	zzz	1954 Feb 13


			6:00	-	MAWT	2009 Oct 18 2:00


						# Mawson Time


			5:00	-	MAWT


Zone Antarctica/Macquarie 0	-	zzz	1911


			10:00	-	EST	1916 Oct 1 2:00


			10:00	1:00	EST	1917 Feb


			10:00	AusAQ	EST	1967


			10:00	ATAQ	EST	2010 Apr 4 3:00


			11:00	-	MIST	# Macquarie Island Time


# References:


# <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/casey/casey_aws.html">


# Casey Weather (1998-02-26)


# </a>


# <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/davis/video.html">


# Davis Station, Antarctica (1998-02-26)


# </a>


# <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/mawson/video.html">


# Mawson Station, Antarctica (1998-02-25)


# </a>





# Brazil - year-round base


# Comandante Ferraz, King George Island, -6205+05824, since 1983/4





# Chile - year-round bases and towns


# Escudero, South Shetland Is, -621157-0585735, since 1994


# Presidente Eduadro Frei, King George Island, -6214-05848, since 1969-03-07


# General Bernardo O'Higgins, Antarctic Peninsula, -6319-05704, since 1948-02


# Capitan Arturo Prat, -6230-05941


# Villa Las Estrellas (a town), around the Frei base, since 1984-04-09


# These locations have always used Santiago time; use TZ='America/Santiago'.





# China - year-round bases


# Great Wall, King George Island, -6213-05858, since 1985-02-20


# Zhongshan, Larsemann Hills, Prydz Bay, -6922+07623, since 1989-02-26





# France - year-round bases


#


# From Antoine Leca (1997-01-20):


# Time data are from Nicole Pailleau at the IFRTP


# (French Institute for Polar Research and Technology).


# She confirms that French Southern Territories and Terre Adelie bases


# don't observe daylight saving time, even if Terre Adelie supplies came


# from Tasmania.


#


# French Southern Territories with year-round inhabitants


#


# Martin-de-Vivies Base, Amsterdam Island, -374105+0773155, since 1950


# Alfred-Faure Base, Crozet Islands, -462551+0515152, since 1964


# Port-aux-Francais, Kerguelen Islands, -492110+0701303, since 1951;


#	whaling & sealing station operated 1908/1914, 1920/1929, and 1951/1956


#


# St Paul Island - near Amsterdam, uninhabited


#	fishing stations operated variously 1819/1931


#


# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]


Zone Indian/Kerguelen	0	-	zzz	1950	# Port-aux-Francais


			5:00	-	TFT	# ISO code TF Time


#


# year-round base in the main continent


# Dumont-d'Urville, Ile des Petrels, -6640+14001, since 1956-11


#


# Another base at Port-Martin, 50km east, began operation in 1947.


# It was destroyed by fire on 1952-01-14.


#


# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]


Zone Antarctica/DumontDUrville 0 -	zzz	1947


			10:00	-	PMT	1952 Jan 14 # Port-Martin Time


			0	-	zzz	1956 Nov


			10:00	-	DDUT	# Dumont-d'Urville Time


# Reference:


# <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dumont_d'Urville_Station">


# Dumont d'Urville Station (2005-12-05)


# </a>





# Germany - year-round base


# Georg von Neumayer, -7039-00815





# India - year-round base


# Dakshin Gangotri, -7005+01200





# Japan - year-round bases


# Dome Fuji, -7719+03942


# Syowa, -690022+0393524


#


# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1999-02-06):


# In all Japanese stations, +0300 is used as the standard time.


#


# Syowa station, which is the first antarctic station of Japan,


# was established on 1957-01-29.  Since Syowa station is still the main


# station of Japan, it's appropriate for the principal location.


# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]


Zone Antarctica/Syowa	0	-	zzz	1957 Jan 29


			3:00	-	SYOT	# Syowa Time


# See:


# <a href="http://www.nipr.ac.jp/english/ara01.html">


# NIPR Antarctic Research Activities (1999-08-17)


# </a>





# S Korea - year-round base


# King Sejong, King George Island, -6213-05847, since 1988





# New Zealand - claims


# Balleny Islands (never inhabited)


# Scott Island (never inhabited)


#


# year-round base


# Scott, Ross Island, since 1957-01, is like Antarctica/McMurdo.


#


# These rules for New Zealand are stolen from the `australasia' file.


# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S


Rule	NZAQ	1974	only	-	Nov	 3	2:00s	1:00	D


Rule	NZAQ	1975	1988	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D


Rule	NZAQ	1989	only	-	Oct	 8	2:00s	1:00	D


Rule	NZAQ	1990	2006	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	D


Rule	NZAQ	1975	only	-	Feb	23	2:00s	0	S


Rule	NZAQ	1976	1989	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S


Rule	NZAQ	1990	2007	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00s	0	S


Rule	NZAQ	2007	max	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D


Rule	NZAQ	2008	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S





# Norway - territories


# Bouvet (never inhabited)


#


# claims


# Peter I Island (never inhabited)





# Poland - year-round base


# Arctowski, King George Island, -620945-0582745, since 1977





# Russia - year-round bases


# Bellingshausen, King George Island, -621159-0585337, since 1968-02-22


# Mirny, Davis coast, -6633+09301, since 1956-02


# Molodezhnaya, Alasheyev Bay, -6740+04551,


#	year-round from 1962-02 to 1999-07-01


# Novolazarevskaya, Queen Maud Land, -7046+01150,


#	year-round from 1960/61 to 1992





# Vostok, since 1957-12-16, temporarily closed 1994-02/1994-11


# <a href="http://quest.arc.nasa.gov/antarctica/QA/computers/Directions,Time,ZIP">


# From Craig Mundell (1994-12-15)</a>:


# Vostok, which is one of the Russian stations, is set on the same


# time as Moscow, Russia.


#


# From Lee Hotz (2001-03-08):


# I queried the folks at Columbia who spent the summer at Vostok and this is


# what they had to say about time there:


# ``in the US Camp (East Camp) we have been on New Zealand (McMurdo)


# time, which is 12 hours ahead of GMT. The Russian Station Vostok was


# 6 hours behind that (although only 2 miles away, i.e. 6 hours ahead


# of GMT). This is a time zone I think two hours east of Moscow. The


# natural time zone is in between the two: 8 hours ahead of GMT.''


#


# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-04):


# This seems to be hopelessly confusing, so I asked Lee Hotz about it


# in person.  He said that some Antartic locations set their local


# time so that noon is the warmest part of the day, and that this


# changes during the year and does not necessarily correspond to mean


# solar noon.  So the Vostok time might have been whatever the clocks


# happened to be during their visit.  So we still don't really know what time


# it is at Vostok.  But we'll guess UTC+6.


#


Zone Antarctica/Vostok	0	-	zzz	1957 Dec 16


			6:00	-	VOST	# Vostok time





# S Africa - year-round bases


# Marion Island, -4653+03752


# Sanae, -7141-00250





# UK


#


# British Antarctic Territories (BAT) claims


# South Orkney Islands


#	scientific station from 1903


#	whaling station at Signy I 1920/1926


# South Shetland Islands


#


# year-round bases


# Bird Island, South Georgia, -5400-03803, since 1983


# Deception Island, -6259-06034, whaling station 1912/1931,


#	scientific station 1943/1967,


#	previously sealers and a scientific expedition wintered by accident,


#	and a garrison was deployed briefly


# Halley, Coates Land, -7535-02604, since 1956-01-06


#	Halley is on a moving ice shelf and is periodically relocated


#	so that it is never more than 10km from its nominal location.


# Rothera, Adelaide Island, -6734-6808, since 1976-12-01


#


# From Paul Eggert (2002-10-22)


# <http://webexhibits.org/daylightsaving/g.html> says Rothera is -03 all year.


#


# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]


Zone Antarctica/Rothera	0	-	zzz	1976 Dec  1


			-3:00	-	ROTT	# Rothera time





# Uruguay - year round base


# Artigas, King George Island, -621104-0585107





# USA - year-round bases


#


# Palmer, Anvers Island, since 1965 (moved 2 miles in 1968)


#


# From Ethan Dicks (1996-10-06):


# It keeps the same time as Punta Arenas, Chile, because, just like us


# and the South Pole, that's the other end of their supply line....


# I verified with someone who was there that since 1980,


# Palmer has followed Chile.  Prior to that, before the Falklands War,


# Palmer used to be supplied from Argentina.


#


# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]


Zone Antarctica/Palmer	0	-	zzz	1965


			-4:00	ArgAQ	AR%sT	1969 Oct 5


			-3:00	ArgAQ	AR%sT	1982 May


			-4:00	ChileAQ	CL%sT


#


#


# McMurdo, Ross Island, since 1955-12


# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]


Zone Antarctica/McMurdo	0	-	zzz	1956


			12:00	NZAQ	NZ%sT


#


# Amundsen-Scott, South Pole, continuously occupied since 1956-11-20


#


# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):


# Normally it wouldn't have a separate entry, since it's like the


# larger Antarctica/McMurdo since 1970, but it's too famous to omit.


#


# From Chris Carrier (1996-06-27):


# Siple, the first commander of the South Pole station,


# stated that he would have liked to have kept GMT at the station,


# but that he found it more convenient to keep GMT+12


# as supplies for the station were coming from McMurdo Sound,


# which was on GMT+12 because New Zealand was on GMT+12 all year


# at that time (1957).  (Source: Siple's book 90 degrees SOUTH.)


#


# From Susan Smith


# http://www.cybertours.com/whs/pole10.html


# (1995-11-13 16:24:56 +1300, no longer available):


# We use the same time as McMurdo does.


# And they use the same time as Christchurch, NZ does....


# One last quirk about South Pole time.


# All the electric clocks are usually wrong.


# Something about the generators running at 60.1hertz or something


# makes all of the clocks run fast.  So every couple of days,


# we have to go around and set them back 5 minutes or so.


# Maybe if we let them run fast all of the time, we'd get to leave here sooner!!


#


Link	Antarctica/McMurdo	Antarctica/South_Pole


