# <pre>


# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of


# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.





# This file also includes Pacific islands.





# Notes are at the end of this file





###############################################################################





# Australia





# Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc.





# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S


Rule	Aus	1917	only	-	Jan	 1	0:01	1:00	-


Rule	Aus	1917	only	-	Mar	25	2:00	0	-


Rule	Aus	1942	only	-	Jan	 1	2:00	1:00	-


Rule	Aus	1942	only	-	Mar	29	2:00	0	-


Rule	Aus	1942	only	-	Sep	27	2:00	1:00	-


Rule	Aus	1943	1944	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	0	-


Rule	Aus	1943	only	-	Oct	 3	2:00	1:00	-


# Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which


# says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944.  Ignore Whitman's claim that


# 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944.





# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]


# Northern Territory


Zone Australia/Darwin	 8:43:20 -	LMT	1895 Feb


			 9:00	-	CST	1899 May


			 9:30	Aus	CST


# Western Australia


#


# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S


Rule	AW	1974	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-


Rule	AW	1975	only	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-


Rule	AW	1983	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-


Rule	AW	1984	only	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-


Rule	AW	1991	only	-	Nov	17	2:00s	1:00	-


Rule	AW	1992	only	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-


Rule	AW	2006	only	-	Dec	 3	2:00s	1:00	-


Rule	AW	2007	2009	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	-


Rule	AW	2007	2008	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-


Zone Australia/Perth	 7:43:24 -	LMT	1895 Dec


			 8:00	Aus	WST	1943 Jul


			 8:00	AW	WST


Zone Australia/Eucla	 8:35:28 -	LMT	1895 Dec


			 8:45	Aus	CWST	1943 Jul


			 8:45	AW	CWST





# Queensland


#


# From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01):


# I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast


# of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after


# Queensland ceased to.


#


# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):


# IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman,


# Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped.


# Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria,


# so use Lindeman.


#


# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S


Rule	AQ	1971	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-


Rule	AQ	1972	only	-	Feb	lastSun	2:00s	0	-


Rule	AQ	1989	1991	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-


Rule	AQ	1990	1992	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-


Rule	Holiday	1992	1993	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-


Rule	Holiday	1993	1994	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-


Zone Australia/Brisbane	10:12:08 -	LMT	1895


			10:00	Aus	EST	1971


			10:00	AQ	EST


Zone Australia/Lindeman  9:55:56 -	LMT	1895


			10:00	Aus	EST	1971


			10:00	AQ	EST	1992 Jul


			10:00	Holiday	EST





# South Australia


# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S


Rule	AS	1971	1985	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-


Rule	AS	1986	only	-	Oct	19	2:00s	1:00	-


Rule	AS	1987	2007	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-


Rule	AS	1972	only	-	Feb	27	2:00s	0	-


Rule	AS	1973	1985	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-


Rule	AS	1986	1990	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00s	0	-


Rule	AS	1991	only	-	Mar	3	2:00s	0	-


Rule	AS	1992	only	-	Mar	22	2:00s	0	-


Rule	AS	1993	only	-	Mar	7	2:00s	0	-


Rule	AS	1994	only	-	Mar	20	2:00s	0	-


Rule	AS	1995	2005	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	-


Rule	AS	2006	only	-	Apr	2	2:00s	0	-


Rule	AS	2007	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	-


Rule	AS	2008	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-


Rule	AS	2008	max	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	-


# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]


Zone Australia/Adelaide	9:14:20 -	LMT	1895 Feb


			9:00	-	CST	1899 May


			9:30	Aus	CST	1971


			9:30	AS	CST





# Tasmania


#


# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16):


# <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml>


# says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971.


#


# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S


Rule	AT	1967	only	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	-


Rule	AT	1968	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	-


Rule	AT	1968	1985	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-


Rule	AT	1969	1971	-	Mar	Sun>=8	2:00s	0	-


Rule	AT	1972	only	-	Feb	lastSun	2:00s	0	-


Rule	AT	1973	1981	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-


Rule	AT	1982	1983	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	-


Rule	AT	1984	1986	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-


Rule	AT	1986	only	-	Oct	Sun>=15	2:00s	1:00	-


Rule	AT	1987	1990	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00s	0	-


Rule	AT	1987	only	-	Oct	Sun>=22	2:00s	1:00	-


Rule	AT	1988	1990	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-


Rule	AT	1991	1999	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	-


Rule	AT	1991	2005	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	-


Rule	AT	2000	only	-	Aug	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-


Rule	AT	2001	max	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	-


Rule	AT	2006	only	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-


Rule	AT	2007	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	-


Rule	AT	2008	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-


# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]


Zone Australia/Hobart	9:49:16	-	LMT	1895 Sep


			10:00	-	EST	1916 Oct 1 2:00


			10:00	1:00	EST	1917 Feb


			10:00	Aus	EST	1967


			10:00	AT	EST


Zone Australia/Currie	9:35:28	-	LMT	1895 Sep


			10:00	-	EST	1916 Oct 1 2:00


			10:00	1:00	EST	1917 Feb


			10:00	Aus	EST	1971 Jul


			10:00	AT	EST





# Victoria


# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S


Rule	AV	1971	1985	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-


Rule	AV	1972	only	-	Feb	lastSun	2:00s	0	-


Rule	AV	1973	1985	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-


Rule	AV	1986	1990	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00s	0	-


Rule	AV	1986	1987	-	Oct	Sun>=15	2:00s	1:00	-


Rule	AV	1988	1999	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-


Rule	AV	1991	1994	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-


Rule	AV	1995	2005	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	-


Rule	AV	2000	only	-	Aug	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-


Rule	AV	2001	2007	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-


Rule	AV	2006	only	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-


Rule	AV	2007	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	-


Rule	AV	2008	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-


Rule	AV	2008	max	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	-


# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]


Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 -	LMT	1895 Feb


			10:00	Aus	EST	1971


			10:00	AV	EST





# New South Wales


# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S


Rule	AN	1971	1985	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-


Rule	AN	1972	only	-	Feb	27	2:00s	0	-


Rule	AN	1973	1981	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-


Rule	AN	1982	only	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-


Rule	AN	1983	1985	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-


Rule	AN	1986	1989	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00s	0	-


Rule	AN	1986	only	-	Oct	19	2:00s	1:00	-


Rule	AN	1987	1999	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-


Rule	AN	1990	1995	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-


Rule	AN	1996	2005	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	-


Rule	AN	2000	only	-	Aug	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-


Rule	AN	2001	2007	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-


Rule	AN	2006	only	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-


Rule	AN	2007	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	-


Rule	AN	2008	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-


Rule	AN	2008	max	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	-


# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]


Zone Australia/Sydney	10:04:52 -	LMT	1895 Feb


			10:00	Aus	EST	1971


			10:00	AN	EST


Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 -	LMT	1895 Feb


			10:00	-	EST	1896 Aug 23


			9:00	-	CST	1899 May


			9:30	Aus	CST	1971


			9:30	AN	CST	2000


			9:30	AS	CST





# Lord Howe Island


# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S


Rule	LH	1981	1984	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	1:00	-


Rule	LH	1982	1985	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00	0	-


Rule	LH	1985	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0:30	-


Rule	LH	1986	1989	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00	0	-


Rule	LH	1986	only	-	Oct	19	2:00	0:30	-


Rule	LH	1987	1999	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0:30	-


Rule	LH	1990	1995	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00	0	-


Rule	LH	1996	2005	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	0	-


Rule	LH	2000	only	-	Aug	lastSun	2:00	0:30	-


Rule	LH	2001	2007	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0:30	-


Rule	LH	2006	only	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	0	-


Rule	LH	2007	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	0	-


Rule	LH	2008	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	0	-


Rule	LH	2008	max	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00	0:30	-


Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 -	LMT	1895 Feb


			10:00	-	EST	1981 Mar


			10:30	LH	LHST





# Australian miscellany


#


# Ashmore Is, Cartier


# no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers


# no times are set


#


# Coral Sea Is


# no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists


# no times are set


#


# Macquarie


# permanent occupation (scientific station) since 1948;


# sealing and penguin oil station operated 1888/1917


# like Australia/Hobart





# Christmas


# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]


Zone Indian/Christmas	7:02:52 -	LMT	1895 Feb


			7:00	-	CXT	# Christmas Island Time





# Cook Is


# From Shanks & Pottenger:


# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S


Rule	Cook	1978	only	-	Nov	12	0:00	0:30	HS


Rule	Cook	1979	1991	-	Mar	Sun>=1	0:00	0	-


Rule	Cook	1979	1990	-	Oct	lastSun	0:00	0:30	HS


# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]


Zone Pacific/Rarotonga	-10:39:04 -	LMT	1901		# Avarua


			-10:30	-	CKT	1978 Nov 12	# Cook Is Time


			-10:00	Cook	CK%sT





# Cocos


# These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978.


# We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900.


# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]


Zone	Indian/Cocos	6:27:40	-	LMT	1900


			6:30	-	CCT	# Cocos Islands Time





# Fiji


# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-11-10):


# According to Fiji Broadcasting Corporation,  Fiji plans to re-introduce DST


# from November 29th 2009  to April 25th 2010.


#


# "Daylight savings to commence this month"


# <a href="http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719">


# http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719


# </a>


# or


# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html">


# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html


# </a>





# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-11-10):


# The Fiji Government has posted some more details about the approved


# amendments:


# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml">


# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml


# </a>





# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-03):


# The Cabinet in Fiji has decided to end DST about a month early, on


# 2010-03-28 at 03:00.


# The plan is to observe DST again, from 2010-10-24 to sometime in March


# 2011 (last Sunday a good guess?).


#


# Official source:


# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166">


# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166


# </a>


#


# A bit more background info here:


# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html">


# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html


# </a>





# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-10-24):


# According to Radio Fiji and Fiji Times online, Fiji will end DST 3


# weeks earlier than expected - on March 6, 2011, not March 27, 2011...


# Here is confirmation from Government of the Republic of the Fiji Islands,


# Ministry of Information (fiji.gov.fj) web site:


# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155">


# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155


# </a>


# or


# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html">


# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html


# </a>





# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-03):


# Now the dates have been confirmed, and at least our start date


# assumption was correct (end date was one week wrong).


#


# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155">


# www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155


# </a>


# which says


# Members of the public are reminded to change their time to one hour in


# advance at 2am to 3am on October 23, 2011 and one hour back at 3am to


# 2am on February 26 next year.





# From Ken Rylander (2011-10-24)


# Another change to the Fiji DST end date. In the TZ database the end date for


# Fiji DST 2012, is currently Feb 26. This has been changed to Jan 22.


#


# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155">


# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155


# </a>


# states:


#


# The end of daylight saving scheduled initially for the 26th of February 2012


# has been brought forward to the 22nd of January 2012.


# The commencement of daylight saving will remain unchanged and start


# on the  23rd of October, 2011.





# From the Fiji Government Online Portal (2012-08-21) via Steffen Thorsen:


# The Minister for Labour, Industrial Relations and Employment Mr Jone Usamate


# today confirmed that Fiji will start daylight savings at 2 am on Sunday 21st


# October 2012 and end at 3 am on Sunday 20th January 2013.


# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6702&catid=71&Itemid=155


#


# From Paul Eggert (2012-08-31):


# For now, guess a pattern of the penultimate Sundays in October and January.





# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S


Rule	Fiji	1998	1999	-	Nov	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	S


Rule	Fiji	1999	2000	-	Feb	lastSun	3:00	0	-


Rule	Fiji	2009	only	-	Nov	29	2:00	1:00	S


Rule	Fiji	2010	only	-	Mar	lastSun	3:00	0	-


Rule	Fiji	2010	max	-	Oct	Sun>=18	2:00	1:00	S


Rule	Fiji	2011	only	-	Mar	Sun>=1	3:00	0	-


Rule	Fiji	2012	max	-	Jan	Sun>=18	3:00	0	-


# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]


Zone	Pacific/Fiji	11:53:40 -	LMT	1915 Oct 26	# Suva


			12:00	Fiji	FJ%sT	# Fiji Time





# French Polynesia


# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]


Zone	Pacific/Gambier	 -8:59:48 -	LMT	1912 Oct	# Rikitea


			 -9:00	-	GAMT	# Gambier Time


Zone	Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 -	LMT	1912 Oct


			 -9:30	-	MART	# Marquesas Time


Zone	Pacific/Tahiti	 -9:58:16 -	LMT	1912 Oct	# Papeete


			-10:00	-	TAHT	# Tahiti Time


# Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia;


# it is uninhabited.





# Guam


# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]


Zone	Pacific/Guam	-14:21:00 -	LMT	1844 Dec 31


			 9:39:00 -	LMT	1901		# Agana


			10:00	-	GST	2000 Dec 23	# Guam


			10:00	-	ChST	# Chamorro Standard Time





# Kiribati


# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]


Zone Pacific/Tarawa	 11:32:04 -	LMT	1901		# Bairiki


			 12:00	-	GILT		 # Gilbert Is Time


Zone Pacific/Enderbury	-11:24:20 -	LMT	1901


			-12:00	-	PHOT	1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time


			-11:00	-	PHOT	1995


			 13:00	-	PHOT


Zone Pacific/Kiritimati	-10:29:20 -	LMT	1901


			-10:40	-	LINT	1979 Oct # Line Is Time


			-10:00	-	LINT	1995


			 14:00	-	LINT





# N Mariana Is


# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]


Zone Pacific/Saipan	-14:17:00 -	LMT	1844 Dec 31


			 9:43:00 -	LMT	1901


			 9:00	-	MPT	1969 Oct # N Mariana Is Time


			10:00	-	MPT	2000 Dec 23


			10:00	-	ChST	# Chamorro Standard Time





# Marshall Is


# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]


Zone Pacific/Majuro	11:24:48 -	LMT	1901


			11:00	-	MHT	1969 Oct # Marshall Islands Time


			12:00	-	MHT


Zone Pacific/Kwajalein	11:09:20 -	LMT	1901


			11:00	-	MHT	1969 Oct


			-12:00	-	KWAT	1993 Aug 20	# Kwajalein Time


			12:00	-	MHT





# Micronesia


# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]


Zone Pacific/Chuuk	10:07:08 -	LMT	1901


			10:00	-	CHUT			# Chuuk Time


Zone Pacific/Pohnpei	10:32:52 -	LMT	1901		# Kolonia


			11:00	-	PONT			# Pohnpei Time


Zone Pacific/Kosrae	10:51:56 -	LMT	1901


			11:00	-	KOST	1969 Oct	# Kosrae Time


			12:00	-	KOST	1999


			11:00	-	KOST





# Nauru


# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]


Zone	Pacific/Nauru	11:07:40 -	LMT	1921 Jan 15	# Uaobe


			11:30	-	NRT	1942 Mar 15	# Nauru Time


			9:00	-	JST	1944 Aug 15


			11:30	-	NRT	1979 May


			12:00	-	NRT





# New Caledonia


# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S


Rule	NC	1977	1978	-	Dec	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	S


Rule	NC	1978	1979	-	Feb	27	0:00	0	-


Rule	NC	1996	only	-	Dec	 1	2:00s	1:00	S


# Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA.


Rule	NC	1997	only	-	Mar	 2	2:00s	0	-


# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]


Zone	Pacific/Noumea	11:05:48 -	LMT	1912 Jan 13


			11:00	NC	NC%sT








###############################################################################





# New Zealand





# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S


Rule	NZ	1927	only	-	Nov	 6	2:00	1:00	S


Rule	NZ	1928	only	-	Mar	 4	2:00	0	M


Rule	NZ	1928	1933	-	Oct	Sun>=8	2:00	0:30	S


Rule	NZ	1929	1933	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00	0	M


Rule	NZ	1934	1940	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	0	M


Rule	NZ	1934	1940	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0:30	S


Rule	NZ	1946	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	0	S


# Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but there's no


# convenient notation for this so we must duplicate the Rule lines.


Rule	NZ	1974	only	-	Nov	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	D


Rule	Chatham	1974	only	-	Nov	Sun>=1	2:45s	1:00	D


Rule	NZ	1975	only	-	Feb	lastSun	2:00s	0	S


Rule	Chatham	1975	only	-	Feb	lastSun	2:45s	0	S


Rule	NZ	1975	1988	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D


Rule	Chatham	1975	1988	-	Oct	lastSun	2:45s	1:00	D


Rule	NZ	1976	1989	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S


Rule	Chatham	1976	1989	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:45s	0	S


Rule	NZ	1989	only	-	Oct	Sun>=8	2:00s	1:00	D


Rule	Chatham	1989	only	-	Oct	Sun>=8	2:45s	1:00	D


Rule	NZ	1990	2006	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	D


Rule	Chatham	1990	2006	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:45s	1:00	D


Rule	NZ	1990	2007	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00s	0	S


Rule	Chatham	1990	2007	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:45s	0	S


Rule	NZ	2007	max	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D


Rule	Chatham	2007	max	-	Sep	lastSun	2:45s	1:00	D


Rule	NZ	2008	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S


Rule	Chatham	2008	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:45s	0	S


# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]


Zone Pacific/Auckland	11:39:04 -	LMT	1868 Nov  2


			11:30	NZ	NZ%sT	1946 Jan  1


			12:00	NZ	NZ%sT


Zone Pacific/Chatham	12:13:48 -	LMT	1957 Jan  1


			12:45	Chatham	CHA%sT








# Auckland Is


# uninhabited; Maori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers,


# and scientific personnel have wintered





# Campbell I


# minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914


# scientific station operated 1941/1995;


# previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered


# was probably like Pacific/Auckland





###############################################################################








# Niue


# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]


Zone	Pacific/Niue	-11:19:40 -	LMT	1901		# Alofi


			-11:20	-	NUT	1951	# Niue Time


			-11:30	-	NUT	1978 Oct 1


			-11:00	-	NUT





# Norfolk


# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]


Zone	Pacific/Norfolk	11:11:52 -	LMT	1901		# Kingston


			11:12	-	NMT	1951	# Norfolk Mean Time


			11:30	-	NFT		# Norfolk Time





# Palau (Belau)


# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]


Zone Pacific/Palau	8:57:56 -	LMT	1901		# Koror


			9:00	-	PWT	# Palau Time





# Papua New Guinea


# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]


Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 -	LMT	1880


			9:48:32	-	PMMT	1895	# Port Moresby Mean Time


			10:00	-	PGT		# Papua New Guinea Time





# Pitcairn


# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]


Zone Pacific/Pitcairn	-8:40:20 -	LMT	1901		# Adamstown


			-8:30	-	PNT	1998 Apr 27 00:00


			-8:00	-	PST	# Pitcairn Standard Time





# American Samoa


Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago	 12:37:12 -	LMT	1879 Jul  5


			-11:22:48 -	LMT	1911


			-11:30	-	SAMT	1950		# Samoa Time


			-11:00	-	NST	1967 Apr	# N=Nome


			-11:00	-	BST	1983 Nov 30	# B=Bering


			-11:00	-	SST			# S=Samoa





# Samoa





# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-16):


# We have been in contact with the government of Samoa again, and received


# the following info:


#


# "Cabinet has now approved Daylight Saving to be effected next year


# commencing from the last Sunday of September 2010 and conclude first


# Sunday of April 2011."


#


# Background info:


# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html">


# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html


# </a>


#


# Samoa's Daylight Saving Time Act 2009 is available here, but does not


# contain any dates:


# <a href="http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf">


# http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf


# </a>





# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2010-10-07):


# Please see


# <a href="http://www.mcil.gov.ws">


# http://www.mcil.gov.ws


# </a>,


# the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Labour (sideframe) "Last Sunday


# September 2010 (26/09/10) - adjust clocks forward from 12:00 midnight


# to 01:00am and First Sunday April 2011 (03/04/11) - adjust clocks


# backwards from 1:00am to 12:00am"





# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-03-07):


# I believe this will be posted shortly on the website


# <a href="http://www.mcil.gov.ws">


# www.mcil.gov.ws


# </a>


#


# PUBLIC NOTICE ON DAYLIGHT SAVING TIME


#


# Pursuant to the Daylight Saving Act 2009 and Cabinets decision,


# businesses and the general public are hereby advised that daylight


# saving time is on the first Saturday of April 2011 (02/04/11).


#


# The public is therefore advised that when the standard time strikes


# the hour of four oclock (4.00am or 0400 Hours) on the 2nd April 2011,


# then all instruments used to measure standard time are to be


# adjusted/changed to three oclock (3:00am or 0300Hrs).


#


# Margaret Fruean ACTING CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER MINISTRY OF COMMERCE,


# INDUSTRY AND LABOUR 28th February 2011





# From David Zuelke (2011-05-09):


# Subject: Samoa to move timezone from east to west of international date line


#


# <a href="http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963">


# http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963


# </a>





# From Mark Sim-Smith (2011-08-17):


# I have been in contact with Leilani Tuala Warren from the Samoa Law


# Reform Commission, and she has sent me a copy of the Bill that she


# confirmed has been passed...Most of the sections are about maps rather


# than the time zone change, but I'll paste the relevant bits below. But


# the essence is that at midnight 29 Dec (UTC-11 I suppose), Samoa


# changes from UTC-11 to UTC+13:


#


# International Date Line Bill 2011


#


# AN ACT to provide for the change to standard time in Samoa and to make


# consequential amendments to the position of the International Date


# Line, and for related purposes.


#


# BE IT ENACTED by the Legislative Assembly of Samoa in Parliament


# assembled as follows:


#


# 1. Short title and commencement-(1) This Act may be cited as the


# International Date Line Act 2011. (2) Except for section 5(3) this Act


# commences at 12 o'clock midnight, on Thursday 29th December 2011. (3)


# Section 5(3) commences on the date of assent by the Head of State.


#


# [snip]


#


# 3. Interpretation - [snip] "Samoa standard time" in this Act and any


# other statute of Samoa which refers to 'Samoa standard time' means the


# time 13 hours in advance of Co-ordinated Universal Time.


#


# 4. Samoa standard time - (1) Upon the commencement of this Act, Samoa


# standard time shall be set at 13 hours in advance of Co-ordinated


# Universal Time for the whole of Samoa. (2) All references to Samoa's


# time zone and to Samoa standard time in Samoa in all legislation and


# instruments after the commencement of this Act shall be references to


# Samoa standard time as provided for in this Act. (3) Nothing in this


# Act affects the provisions of the Daylight Saving Act 2009, except that


# it defines Samoa standard time....





# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-09-02):


# <a href="http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html">


# http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html


# </a>


#


# here is the official website publication for Samoa DST and dateline change


#


# DST


# Year	End	Time	Start	Time


# 2011	- - -	- - -	24 September	3:00am to 4:00am


# 2012	01 April	4:00am to 3:00am	- - -	- - -


#


# Dateline Change skip Friday 30th Dec 2011


# Thursday 29th December 2011	23:59:59 Hours


# Saturday 31st December 2011	00:00:00 Hours


#


# Clarification by Tim Parenti (2012-01-03):


# Although Samoa has used Daylight Saving Time in the 2010-2011 and 2011-2012


# seasons, there is not yet any indication that this trend will continue on


# a regular basis. For now, we have explicitly listed the transitions below.


#


# From Nicky (2012-09-10):


# Daylight Saving Time commences on Sunday 30th September 2012 and


# ends on Sunday 7th of April 2013.


#


# Please find link below for more information.


# http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html


#


# That publication also includes dates for Summer of 2013/4 as well


# which give the impression of a pattern in selecting dates for the


# future, so for now, we will guess this will continue.





# Western Samoa


# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S


Rule	WS	2012	max	-	Sep	lastSun	3:00	1	D


Rule	WS	2012	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	4:00	0	-


# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]


Zone Pacific/Apia	 12:33:04 -	LMT	1879 Jul  5


			-11:26:56 -	LMT	1911


			-11:30	-	SAMT	1950		# Samoa Time


			-11:00	-	WST	2010 Sep 26


			-11:00	1:00	WSDT	2011 Apr 2 4:00


			-11:00	-	WST	2011 Sep 24 3:00


			-11:00	1:00	WSDT	2011 Dec 30


			 13:00	1:00	WSDT	2012 Apr Sun>=1 4:00


			 13:00	WS	WS%sT





# Solomon Is


# excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea


# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]


Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 -	LMT	1912 Oct	# Honiara


			11:00	-	SBT	# Solomon Is Time





# Tokelau Is


#


# From Gwillim Law (2011-12-29)


# A correspondent informed me that Tokelau, like Samoa, will be skipping


# December 31 this year ...


#


# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-07-25)


# ... we double checked by calling hotels and offices based in Tokelau asking


# about the time there, and they all told a time that agrees with UTC+13....


# Shanks says UTC-10 from 1901 [but] ... there is a good chance the change


# actually was to UTC-11 back then.


#


# From Paul Eggert (2012-07-25)


# A Google Books snippet of Appendix to the Journals of the House of


# Representatives of New Zealand, Session 1948,


# <http://books.google.com/books?id=ZaVCAQAAIAAJ>, page 65, says Tokelau


# was "11 hours slow on G.M.T."  Go with Thorsen and assume Shanks & Pottenger


# are off by an hour starting in 1901.





# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]


Zone	Pacific/Fakaofo	-11:24:56 -	LMT	1901


			-11:00	-	TKT 2011 Dec 30	# Tokelau Time


			13:00	-	TKT





# Tonga


# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S


Rule	Tonga	1999	only	-	Oct	 7	2:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Tonga	2000	only	-	Mar	19	2:00s	0	-


Rule	Tonga	2000	2001	-	Nov	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	S


Rule	Tonga	2001	2002	-	Jan	lastSun	2:00	0	-


# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]


Zone Pacific/Tongatapu	12:19:20 -	LMT	1901


			12:20	-	TOT	1941 # Tonga Time


			13:00	-	TOT	1999


			13:00	Tonga	TO%sT





# Tuvalu


# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]


Zone Pacific/Funafuti	11:56:52 -	LMT	1901


			12:00	-	TVT	# Tuvalu Time








# US minor outlying islands





# Howland, Baker


# Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British


# 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known.


# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944;


# uninhabited thereafter.


# Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UTC-10:30) in 1937;


# see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long,


# Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000).


# So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935


# until they were abandoned after the war.





# Jarvis


# Mined for guano by American companies 1857-1879 and British 1883?-1891?.


# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; IGY scientific base 1957-1958;


# uninhabited thereafter.


# no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati





# Johnston


# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]


Zone Pacific/Johnston	-10:00	-	HST





# Kingman


# uninhabited





# Midway


#


# From Mark Brader (2005-01-23):


# [Fallacies and Fantasies of Air Transport History, by R.E.G. Davies,


# published 1994 by Paladwr Press, McLean, VA, USA; ISBN 0-9626483-5-3]


# reproduced a Pan American Airways timeables from 1936, for their weekly


# "Orient Express" flights between San Francisco and Manila, and connecting


# flights to Chicago and the US East Coast.  As it uses some time zone


# designations that I've never seen before:....


# Fri. 6:30A Lv. HONOLOLU (Pearl Harbor), H.I.   H.L.T. Ar. 5:30P Sun.


#  "   3:00P Ar. MIDWAY ISLAND . . . . . . . . . M.L.T. Lv. 6:00A  "


#


Zone Pacific/Midway	-11:49:28 -	LMT	1901


			-11:00	-	NST	1956 Jun  3


			-11:00	1:00	NDT	1956 Sep  2


			-11:00	-	NST	1967 Apr	# N=Nome


			-11:00	-	BST	1983 Nov 30	# B=Bering


			-11:00	-	SST			# S=Samoa





# Palmyra


# uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati





# Wake


# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]


Zone	Pacific/Wake	11:06:28 -	LMT	1901


			12:00	-	WAKT	# Wake Time








# Vanuatu


# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S


Rule	Vanuatu	1983	only	-	Sep	25	0:00	1:00	S


Rule	Vanuatu	1984	1991	-	Mar	Sun>=23	0:00	0	-


Rule	Vanuatu	1984	only	-	Oct	23	0:00	1:00	S


Rule	Vanuatu	1985	1991	-	Sep	Sun>=23	0:00	1:00	S


Rule	Vanuatu	1992	1993	-	Jan	Sun>=23	0:00	0	-


Rule	Vanuatu	1992	only	-	Oct	Sun>=23	0:00	1:00	S


# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]


Zone	Pacific/Efate	11:13:16 -	LMT	1912 Jan 13		# Vila


			11:00	Vanuatu	VU%sT	# Vanuatu Time





# Wallis and Futuna


# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]


Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901


			12:00	-	WFT	# Wallis & Futuna Time





###############################################################################





# NOTES





# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,


# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to


# tz@iana.org for general use in the future).





# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):


# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is


# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),


# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).


#


# Gwillim Law writes that a good source


# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport


# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),


# published semiannually.  Law sent in several helpful summaries


# of the IATA's data after 1990.


#


# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for


# entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.


#


# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,


# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which


# I found in the UCLA library.


#


# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is


# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).


#


# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;


# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.


# Corrections are welcome!


#		std dst


#		LMT	Local Mean Time


#	  8:00	WST WST	Western Australia


#	  8:45	CWST CWST Central Western Australia*


#	  9:00	JST	Japan


#	  9:30	CST CST	Central Australia


#	 10:00	EST EST	Eastern Australia


#	 10:00	ChST	Chamorro


#	 10:30	LHST LHST Lord Howe*


#	 11:30	NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945


#	 12:00	NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present


#	 12:45	CHAST CHADT Chatham*


#	-11:00	SST	Samoa


#	-10:00	HST	Hawaii


#	- 8:00	PST	Pitcairn*


#


# See the `northamerica' file for Hawaii.


# See the `southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galapagos Is.





###############################################################################





# Australia





# From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08):


# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml">


# Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia


# </a> summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia.





# From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12):


# <a href="http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving">


# Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales


# </a> covers New South Wales in particular.





# From John Mackin (1991-03-06):


# We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as `daylight' time.


# It is called `summer' time.  Now by a happy coincidence, `summer'


# and `standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the


# abbreviation does _not_ change...


# The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least


# in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the


# initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses


# the phrase `summer time' and does not use the phrase `daylight


# time'.


# Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian


# Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases `Eastern Standard Time'


# or `Eastern Summer Time'.  (Note, though, that as I say in the


# current australasia file, there is really no such thing.)  Announcers


# on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases


# prefixed by the word `Australian' when referring to local times;


# time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC.





# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):


# Given the above, what's chosen for year-round use is:


#	CST	for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 9:30


#	WST	for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 8:00


#	EST	for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 10:00





# From Chuck Soper (2006-06-01):


# I recently found this Australian government web page on time zones:


# <http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia-13time>


# And this government web page lists time zone names and abbreviations:


# <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml>





# From Paul Eggert (2001-04-05), summarizing a long discussion about "EST"


# versus "AEST" etc.:


#


# I see the following points of dispute:


#


# * How important are unique time zone abbreviations?


#


#   Here I tend to agree with the point (most recently made by Chris


#   Newman) that unique abbreviations should not be essential for proper


#   operation of software.  We have other instances of ambiguity


#   (e.g. "IST" denoting both "Israel Standard Time" and "Indian


#   Standard Time"), and they are not likely to go away any time soon.


#   In the old days, some software mistakenly relied on unique


#   abbreviations, but this is becoming less true with time, and I don't


#   think it's that important to cater to such software these days.


#


#   On the other hand, there is another motivation for unambiguous


#   abbreviations: it cuts down on human confusion.  This is


#   particularly true for Australia, where "EST" can mean one thing for


#   time T and a different thing for time T plus 1 second.


#


# * Does the relevant legislation indicate which abbreviations should be used?


#


#   Here I tend to think that things are a mess, just as they are in


#   many other countries.  We Americans are currently disagreeing about


#   which abbreviation to use for the newly legislated Chamorro Standard


#   Time, for example.


#


#   Personally, I would prefer to use common practice; I would like to


#   refer to legislation only for examples of common practice, or as a


#   tiebreaker.


#


# * Do Australians more often use "Eastern Daylight Time" or "Eastern


#   Summer Time"?  Do they typically prefix the time zone names with


#   the word "Australian"?


#


#   My own impression is that both "Daylight Time" and "Summer Time" are


#   common and are widely understood, but that "Summer Time" is more


#   popular; and that the leading "A" is also common but is omitted more


#   often than not.  I just used AltaVista advanced search and got the


#   following count of page hits:


#


#     1,103 "Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au


#       971 "Australian Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au


#       613 "Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au


#       127 "Australian Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au


#


#   Here "Summer" seems quite a bit more popular than "Daylight",


#   particularly when we know the time zone is Australian and not US,


#   say.  The "Australian" prefix seems to be popular for Eastern Summer


#   Time, but unpopular for Eastern Daylight Time.


#


#   For abbreviations, tools like AltaVista are less useful because of


#   ambiguity.  Many hits are not really time zones, unfortunately, and


#   many hits denote US time zones and not Australian ones.  But here


#   are the hit counts anyway:


#


#     161,304 "EST" and domain:au


#      25,156 "EDT" and domain:au


#      18,263 "AEST" and domain:au


#      10,416 "AEDT" and domain:au


#


#      14,538 "CST" and domain:au


#       5,728 "CDT" and domain:au


#         176 "ACST" and domain:au


#          29 "ACDT" and domain:au


#


#       7,539 "WST" and domain:au


#          68 "AWST" and domain:au


#


#   This data suggest that Australians tend to omit the "A" prefix in


#   practice.  The situation for "ST" versus "DT" is less clear, given


#   the ambiguities involved.


#


# * How do Australians feel about the abbreviations in the tz database?


#


#   If you just count Australians on this list, I count 2 in favor and 3


#   against.  One of the "against" votes (David Keegel) counseled delay,


#   saying that both AEST/AEDT and EST/EST are widely used and


#   understood in Australia.





# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):


# Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ.


# Mark Prior writes that his newspaper


# reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00,


# but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970


# and perhaps the newspaper's `2:00' is referring to standard time.


# For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960.





# From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05):


#


# Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable,


# and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more


# relevant entries in this database.


#


# NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill):


# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html">


# Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04)


# </a>


# ACT


# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html">


# Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972


# </a>


# SA


# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html">


# Standard Time Act, 1898


# </a>





# From David Grosz (2005-06-13):


# It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by


# one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games.


# Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday


# in April instead of the last Sunday in March.


#


# From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14):


# I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan


# to extend DST together in 2006.


# ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt


# New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html


# South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html


# Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772


# Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles


# allude to it.


# But not Queensland


# http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html.





# Northern Territory





# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):


# # The NORTHERN TERRITORY..  [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ]


# #					[ Nov 1990 ]


# #	N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location.


# ...


# Zone        Australia/North         9:30    -       CST





# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):


# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...


# the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving.





# Western Australia





# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):


# #  The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA..  [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ]


# #						[ Nov 1990 ]


# #	W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to


# #	DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but


# #	usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus


# #	before reaching parliament.


# ...


# Zone	Australia/West		8:00	AW	%sST


# ...


# Rule	AW	1974	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D


# Rule	AW	1975	only	-	Mar	Sun>=1	3:00	0	W


# Rule	AW	1983	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D


# Rule	AW	1984	only	-	Mar	Sun>=1	3:00	0	W





# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):


# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...


# Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving.





# From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02):


# Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney


# rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at


# work at 9.00am.)


# W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse


# everybody again.





# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):


# The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess;


# it matches what was used in the past.





# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm">


# The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ


# </a> (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses


# South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia.





# Queensland


# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):


# #   The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ]


# #						[ Dec 1990 ]


# ...


# Zone	Australia/Queensland	10:00	AQ	%sST


# ...


# Rule	AQ	1971	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D


# Rule	AQ	1972	only	-	Feb	lastSun	3:00	0	E


# Rule	AQ	1989	max	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D


# Rule	AQ	1990	max	-	Mar	Sun>=1	3:00	0	E





# From Bradley White (1989-12-24):


# "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from


# October 1989).





# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):


# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...


# ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving


# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)...





# From John Mackin (1991-03-06):


# I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact


# end on Sunday, 3 March.  I don't know at what hour, though.  (It surprised


# me.)





# From Bradley White (1992-03-08):


# ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted


# in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ...


# ...


# Rule	QLD	1989	1991	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D


# Rule	QLD	1990	1992	-	Mar	Sun>=1	3:00	0	S


# ...





# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):


# The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes.





# From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning


# from Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-11-01):


# WA are trialing DST for three years.


# <http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf>





# From Rives McDow (2002-04-09):


# The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the


# southern coast....  South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western


# Australia does not.  The two states are one and a half hours apart.  The


# residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so


# much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the


# international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South


# Australia and Western Australia....


#


# From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09):


# This is confirmed by the section entitled


# "What's the deal with time zones???" in


# <http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html>.


#


# From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07):


# ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway,


# which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern


# coast of the continent.


#


# I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no


# dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border


# village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west


# as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is


# the largest population centre in this zone....


#


# Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the


# question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I


# just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have,


# meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45.


#


# (2006-12-09):


# I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving


# in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis


# of this time zone.  My hunch is that it's been around since well


# before 1975.  I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago.





# From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15):


# For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the


# introduction of standard time in 1895.








# southeast Australia


#


# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):


# Starting autumn 2008 Victoria, NSW, South Australia, Tasmania and the ACT


# end DST the first Sunday in April and start DST the first Sunday in October.


# http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/daylight-savings-to-span-six-months/2007/06/27/1182623966703.html








# South Australia





# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):


# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...


# ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving


# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)...





# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):


# #   The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ]


# #						[ Nov 1990 ]


# ...


# Zone	Australia/South		9:30	AS	%sST


# ...


# Rule	 AS	1971	max	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D


# Rule	 AS	1972	1985	-	Mar	Sun>=1	3:00	0	C


# Rule	 AS	1986	1990	-	Mar	Sun>=15	3:00	0	C


# Rule	 AS	1991	max	-	Mar	Sun>=1	3:00	0	C





# From Bradley White (1992-03-11):


# Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide


# contained the following exchange:  "Due to the Adelaide Festival,


# South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks."





# From Robert Elz (1992-03-13):


# I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that)


# South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even


# numbered year (from 1990).  That's when the Adelaide Festival


# is on...





# From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000):


# DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday)....


# But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever...


# (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...).





# From Bradley White (1994-04-11):


# If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March,


# 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can


# only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated....





# From John Warburton (1994-10-07):


# The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ...


# was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994....


# start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March.





# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):


# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.





# Tasmania





# The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd


# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):


# #  The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ]


# #					[ Nov 1990 ]





# From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10):


# Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have


# 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia


# (but nothing new about that).





# From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04):


# I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the


# (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard,


# has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria


# (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000


# instead of the first Sunday in October.





# Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules:


# http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300





# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):


# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.





# Victoria





# The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd


# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):


# #   The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ]


# #						[ Nov 1990 ]





# From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29):


# On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an


# interesting story about daylight savings time.  Dr. John Heilbron was


# discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar


# Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located


# in Melbourne, Australia.


#


# Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which


# illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day


# of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's


# fallen WWI soldiers.  And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time,


# you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the


# expected time.


#


# However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had


# to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of


# the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?).  Perhaps


# someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more.


#


# [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html


# [2] http://www.shrine.org.au





# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):


# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.





# New South Wales





# From Arthur David Olson:


# New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time.


# Based on law library research by John Mackin,


# who notes:


#	In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the


#	individual states.  Thus, while such terms as ``Eastern Standard Time''


#	[I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common


#	use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the


#	legislation.  This is very important to understand.


#	I have researched New South Wales time only...





# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26):


# DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual


# October in 2000.  [See: Matthew Moore,


# <a href="http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html">


# Two months more daylight saving


# </a>


# Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26).]





# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27):


# See the following official NSW source:


# <a href="http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ">


# Daylight Saving in New South Wales.


# </a>


#


# Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of


# daylight saving next year.  See:


# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm">


# Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving


# </a> (1999-07-22).  For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens.


#


# Victoria will following NSW.  See:


# <a href="http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm">


# Vic to extend daylight saving


# </a> (1999-07-28).


#


# However, South Australia rejected the DST request.  See:


# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm">


# South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request


# </a> (1999-07-19).


#


# Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics.  See:


# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm">


# Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics


# </a> (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying


# ``Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time


# I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very


# well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of


# bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night.


# I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules.''


#


# Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000.  See:


# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm">


# Broken Hill to be behind the times


# </a> (1999-07-21).





# IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian


# Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken


# Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics.





# From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29:


# The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW


# towns to use Queensland time.





# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):


# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.





# Yancowinna





# From John Mackin (1989-01-04):


# `Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna.





# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):


# # YANCOWINNA..  [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ]


# #					[ Dec 1990 ]


# ...


# # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the


# # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings


# # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government


# # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have


# # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not


# # presently available.


# Zone	Australia/Yancowinna	9:30	 AY	%sST


# ...


# Rule	 AY	1971	1985	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D


# Rule	 AY	1972	only	-	Feb	lastSun	3:00	0	C


# [followed by other Rules]





# Lord Howe Island





# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):


# LHI...		[ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ]


#					[ Dec 1990 ]


# Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an


# hour ahead of NSW time.





# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27):


# Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same


# date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27).  For your information the


# Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is


# seeking the community's views on various options for summer time


# arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour


# instead of only 30 minutes.  [Dependent] on the wishes of residents


# the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing


# arrangements.  The starting date for summer time on the Island will


# however always coincide with the rest of NSW.





# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25):


# Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards


# clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently


# introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as


# shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start


# of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW.





# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):


# For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and


# Lonergan thereafter.  For times we use Lonergan.





# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):


# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.





# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-28):


# According to the official press release, South Australia's extended daylight


# saving period will continue with the same rules as used during the 2008-2009


# summer (southern hemisphere).


#


# From


# <a href="http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf">


# http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf


# </a>


# The extended daylight saving period that South Australia has been trialling


# for over the last year is now set to be ongoing.


# Daylight saving will continue to start on the first Sunday in October each


# year and finish on the first Sunday in April the following year.


# Industrial Relations Minister, Paul Caica, says this provides South Australia


# with a consistent half hour time difference with NSW, Victoria, Tasmania and


# the ACT for all 52 weeks of the year...


#


# We have a wrap-up here:


# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html">


# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html


# </a>


###############################################################################





# New Zealand





# From Mark Davies (1990-10-03):


# the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period.


# This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for


# subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start).


# source -- phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office.





# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):


# # The Country of New Zealand   (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that!


# #				   or is Australia the west island of N.Z.


# #	[ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ]


# #				[ Nov 1990 ]


# ...


# Rule	NZ      1974    1988	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D


# Rule	NZ	1989	max	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D


# Rule	NZ      1975    1989	-	Mar	Sun>=1	3:00	0	S


# Rule	NZ	1990	max	-	Mar	lastSun	3:00	0	S


# ...


# Zone	NZ			12:00	NZ		NZ%sT	# New Zealand


# Zone	NZ-CHAT			12:45	-		NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island





# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):


# The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989


# rather than the October 1 value.





# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19);


# Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ.


# Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight


# Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard


# time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March.


# As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00.


#


# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):


# The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history,


# as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.htm for the full references.


# Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger.


#


# For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with


# transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham


# is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland.





# From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30):


# DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the


# first Sunday in April.  The changes take effect this year, meaning


# that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06.


# http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended





###############################################################################








# Fiji





# Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji


# enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time


# instead of the American system (which was one day behind).





# From Rives McDow (1998-10-08):


# Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01


# until 0300 local time 1999-02-28.  Each year the DST period will


# be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February.





# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08):


# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time.  Go with McDow.





# From the BBC World Service (1998-10-31 11:32 UTC):


# The Fijiian government says the main reasons for the time change is to


# improve productivity and reduce road accidents.  But correspondents say it


# also hopes the move will boost Fiji's ability to compete with other pacific


# islands in the effort to attract tourists to witness the dawning of the new


# millenium.





# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13)


# reports that Fiji has discontinued DST.





# Johnston





# Johnston data is from usno1995.








# Kiribati





# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):


# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati


# ``declared it the same day [throughout] the country as of Jan. 1, 1995''


# as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century.








# Kwajalein





# In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes:


# I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday,


# 1993-08-20.  Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with


# respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands,


# going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink.








# N Mariana Is, Guam





# Howse writes (p 153) ``The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the


# Philippines and the Ladrones from America,'' and implies that the Ladrones


# (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time.


# For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines;


# see Asia/Manila.





# US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UTC+10 the official standard time,


# under the name "Chamorro Standard Time".  There is no official abbreviation,


# but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law,


# wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST".








# Micronesia





# Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16),


# ``I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that "Truk"


# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10.''


#


# Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11


# on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now.





# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):


# The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in


# <a href="http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html">


# The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information


# </a> (1999-01-26)


# that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11.


# We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now.








# Midway





# From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956),


# quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection


# <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31):


# For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight


# Saving Time.  This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning,


# your time down there in New Zealand.  Starting September 2, 1956


# we'll again go back to Standard Time.  This'll mean that we'll go to


# air at 6am your time.


#


# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23):


# We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they


# started DST on June 3.  Possibly DST was observed other years


# in Midway, but we have no record of it.








# Pitcairn





# From Rives McDow (1999-11-08):


# A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998


# with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time.  The Proclamation is as follows.


#


#	The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be


#	Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known


#	as Pitcairn Standard Time.


#


# ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several


# references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation


# somehow in light of this proclamation.





# From Rives McDow (1999-11-09):


# The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998


# ... at midnight.





# From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave:


# Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as


# Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in


# Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago.








# Samoa





# Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald)


# that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change


# ``the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system,


# ordaining -- by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery -- that


# the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year.''








# Tonga





# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):


# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that ``Tonga has been plotting


# to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time.''


# Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do.





# Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle


# <a href="http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm">


# How Tonga became `The Land where Time Begins'


# </a>:





# Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST


# 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT.  When New Zealand adjusted its


# standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its


# local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of


# advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees


# (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time).


#


# Because His Majesty King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince


# Tungi, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time


# begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change.


#


# But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer


# islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40


# minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40


# minutes we have lost?"


#


# The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that


# on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth


# to say your prayers in the morning."





# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):


# Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell.





# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03):


# Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millenium


# Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front.


# He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from


# October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan


# Government.





# From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):


# * Tonga will introduce DST in November


#


# I was given this link by John Letts:


# <a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm">


# http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm


# </a>


#


# I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November


# yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead


# of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead


# (12 + 1 hour DST).





# From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20):


# According to <a href="http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html">


# http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html


# </a>:


# "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000


# and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the


# third Saturday of April.  Under the system approved by Privy Council on


# Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and


# set back an hour on the closing date."


# Alas, no indication of the time of day.





# From Rives McDow (1999-10-06):


# Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am.


# Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning.





# From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31):


# Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com


# that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19


# instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article


# is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the


# text, and I have forgotten to report it here.


# (Original URL was: http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm )





# From Rives McDow (2000-12-01):


# Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27.





# From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow:


# At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom


# shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am.  At 2:00am on the last Sunday


# of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one


# hour to 1:00am.





# From Pulu 'Anau (2002-11-05):


# The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed.  It wasn't.








# Wake





# From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup,


# US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02):


#


# Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] -- ...  The time was all the


# more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the


# International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays.  Furthermore, we


# discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time


# making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost


# impossible.


#


# http://www.trumanlibrary.org/wake/meeting.htm





# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23):


# We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now.





###############################################################################





# The International Date Line





# From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03):


#


# The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard,


# convention, or treaty.  Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please.


# Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on


# the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there.


#


# When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and


# Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL


# to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most


# mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati.  Even that line


# has a rather arbitrary nature.  The straight-line boundaries between Pacific


# island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international


# convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is


# governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some


# places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC.  And, since the IDL is not


# an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the


# correct date is ambiguous.





# From Wikipedia <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone> (2005-08-31):


# Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting


# their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's


# speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's


# meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon).  During 1917, at the


# Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all


# ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones


# on the high seas.  Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any


# nation it would use that nation's standard time.  The captain was permitted


# to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's


# entry into another zone time--he often chose midnight.  These zones were


# adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many


# independent merchant ships until World War II.





# From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen


# (2005-03-20):


#


# The American Practical Navigator (2002)


# <http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187>


# talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in


# international waters; it ignores the international date line.


