# <pre>


# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of


# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.





# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,


# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to


# tz@iana.org for general use in the future).





# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):


# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is


# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),


# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).


#


# Gwillim Law writes that a good source


# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport


# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),


# published semiannually.  Law sent in several helpful summaries


# of the IATA's data after 1990.


#


# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for


# entries through 1991, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.


#


# Other sources occasionally used include:


#


#	Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,


#	Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated),


#	which I found in the UCLA library.


#


#	<a href="http://www.pettswoodvillage.co.uk/Daylight_Savings_William_Willett.pdf">


#	William Willett, The Waste of Daylight, 19th edition


#	</a> (1914-03)


#


#	Brazil's Departamento Servico da Hora (DSH),


#	<a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HISTHV.htm">


#	History of Summer Time


#	</a> (1998-09-21, in Portuguese)





#


# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;


# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.


# Corrections are welcome!


#                   std dst  2dst


#                   LMT           Local Mean Time


#       -4:00       AST ADT       Atlantic


#       -3:00       WGT WGST      Western Greenland*


#       -1:00       EGT EGST      Eastern Greenland*


#        0:00       GMT BST  BDST Greenwich, British Summer


#        0:00       GMT IST       Greenwich, Irish Summer


#        0:00       WET WEST WEMT Western Europe


#        0:19:32.13 AMT NST       Amsterdam, Netherlands Summer (1835-1937)*


#        0:20       NET NEST      Netherlands (1937-1940)*


#        1:00       CET CEST CEMT Central Europe


#        1:00:14    SET           Swedish (1879-1899)*


#        2:00       EET EEST      Eastern Europe


#        3:00       MSK MSD       Moscow


#


# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones, especially in Britain,


# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).





# From Peter Ilieve (1994-12-04),


# The original six [EU members]: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy,


# Luxembourg, the Netherlands.


# Plus, from 1 Jan 73: Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom.


# Plus, from 1 Jan 81: Greece.


# Plus, from 1 Jan 86: Spain, Portugal.


# Plus, from 1 Jan 95: Austria, Finland, Sweden. (Norway negotiated terms for


# entry but in a referendum on 28 Nov 94 the people voted No by 52.2% to 47.8%


# on a turnout of 88.6%. This was almost the same result as Norway's previous


# referendum in 1972, they are the only country to have said No twice.


# Referendums in the other three countries voted Yes.)


# ...


# Estonia ... uses EU dates but not at 01:00 GMT, they use midnight GMT.


# I don't think they know yet what they will do from 1996 onwards.


# ...


# There shouldn't be any [current members who are not using EU rules].


# A Directive has the force of law, member states are obliged to enact


# national law to implement it. The only contentious issue was the


# different end date for the UK and Ireland, and this was always allowed


# in the Directive.








###############################################################################





# Britain (United Kingdom) and Ireland (Eire)





# From Peter Ilieve (1994-07-06):


#


# On 17 Jan 1994 the Independent, a UK quality newspaper, had a piece about


# historical vistas along the Thames in west London. There was a photo


# and a sketch map showing some of the sightlines involved. One paragraph


# of the text said:


#


# `An old stone obelisk marking a forgotten terrestrial meridian stands


# beside the river at Kew. In the 18th century, before time and longitude


# was standardised by the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, scholars observed


# this stone and the movement of stars from Kew Observatory nearby. They


# made their calculations and set the time for the Horse Guards and Parliament,


# but now the stone is obscured by scrubwood and can only be seen by walking


# along the towpath within a few yards of it.'


#


# I have a one inch to one mile map of London and my estimate of the stone's


# position is 51 deg. 28' 30" N, 0 deg. 18' 45" W. The longitude should


# be within about +-2". The Ordnance Survey grid reference is TQ172761.


#


# [This yields GMTOFF = -0:01:15 for London LMT in the 18th century.]





# From Paul Eggert (1993-11-18):


#


# Howse writes that Britain was the first country to use standard time.


# The railways cared most about the inconsistencies of local mean time,


# and it was they who forced a uniform time on the country.


# The original idea was credited to Dr. William Hyde Wollaston (1766-1828)


# and was popularized by Abraham Follett Osler (1808-1903).


# The first railway to adopt London time was the Great Western Railway


# in November 1840; other railways followed suit, and by 1847 most


# (though not all) railways used London time.  On 1847-09-22 the


# Railway Clearing House, an industry standards body, recommended that GMT be


# adopted at all stations as soon as the General Post Office permitted it.


# The transition occurred on 12-01 for the L&NW, the Caledonian,


# and presumably other railways; the January 1848 Bradshaw's lists many


# railways as using GMT.  By 1855 the vast majority of public


# clocks in Britain were set to GMT (though some, like the great clock


# on Tom Tower at Christ Church, Oxford, were fitted with two minute hands,


# one for local time and one for GMT).  The last major holdout was the legal


# system, which stubbornly stuck to local time for many years, leading


# to oddities like polls opening at 08:13 and closing at 16:13.


# The legal system finally switched to GMT when the Statutes (Definition


# of Time) Act took effect; it received the Royal Assent on 1880-08-02.


#


# In the tables below, we condense this complicated story into a single


# transition date for London, namely 1847-12-01.  We don't know as much


# about Dublin, so we use 1880-08-02, the legal transition time.





# From Paul Eggert (2003-09-27):


# Summer Time was first seriously proposed by William Willett (1857-1915),


# a London builder and member of the Royal Astronomical Society


# who circulated a pamphlet ``The Waste of Daylight'' (1907)


# that proposed advancing clocks 20 minutes on each of four Sundays in April,


# and retarding them by the same amount on four Sundays in September.


# A bill was drafted in 1909 and introduced in Parliament several times,


# but it met with ridicule and opposition, especially from farming interests.


# Later editions of the pamphlet proposed one-hour summer time, and


# it was eventually adopted as a wartime measure in 1916.


# See: Summer Time Arrives Early, The Times (2000-05-18).


# A monument to Willett was unveiled on 1927-05-21, in an open space in


# a 45-acre wood near Chislehurst, Kent that was purchased by popular


# subscription and open to the public.  On the south face of the monolith,


# designed by G. W. Miller, is the...William Willett Memorial Sundial,


# which is permanently set to Summer Time.





# From Winston Churchill (1934-04-28):


# It is one of the paradoxes of history that we should owe the boon of


# summer time, which gives every year to the people of this country


# between 160 and 170 hours more daylight leisure, to a war which


# plunged Europe into darkness for four years, and shook the


# foundations of civilization throughout the world.


#	-- <a href="http://www.winstonchurchill.org/fh114willett.htm">


#	"A Silent Toast to William Willett", Pictorial Weekly


#	</a>





# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):


# The OED Supplement says that the English originally said ``Daylight Saving''


# when they were debating the adoption of DST in 1908; but by 1916 this


# term appears only in quotes taken from DST's opponents, whereas the


# proponents (who eventually won the argument) are quoted as using ``Summer''.





# From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-19):


#


# A source at the British Information Office in New York avers that it's


# known as "British" Summer Time in all parts of the United Kingdom.





# Date: 4 Jan 89 08:57:25 GMT (Wed)


# From: Jonathan Leffler


# [British Summer Time] is fixed annually by Act of Parliament.


# If you can predict what Parliament will do, you should be in


# politics making a fortune, not computing.





# From Chris Carrier (1996-06-14):


# I remember reading in various wartime issues of the London Times the


# acronym BDST for British Double Summer Time.  Look for the published


# time of sunrise and sunset in The Times, when BDST was in effect, and


# if you find a zone reference it will say, "All times B.D.S.T."





# From Joseph S. Myers (1999-09-02):


# ... some military cables (WO 219/4100 - this is a copy from the


# main SHAEF archives held in the US National Archives, SHAEF/5252/8/516)


# agree that the usage is BDST (this appears in a message dated 17 Feb 1945).





# From Joseph S. Myers (2000-10-03):


# On 18th April 1941, Sir Stephen Tallents of the BBC wrote to Sir


# Alexander Maxwell of the Home Office asking whether there was any


# official designation; the reply of the 21st was that there wasn't


# but he couldn't think of anything better than the "Double British


# Summer Time" that the BBC had been using informally.


# http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/bbc-19410418.png


# http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/ho-19410421.png





# From Sir Alexander Maxwell in the above-mentioned letter (1941-04-21):


# [N]o official designation has as far as I know been adopted for the time


# which is to be introduced in May....


# I cannot think of anything better than "Double British Summer Time"


# which could not be said to run counter to any official description.





# From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):


# Howse writes (p 157) `DBST' too, but `BDST' seems to have been common


# and follows the more usual convention of putting the location name first,


# so we use `BDST'.





# Peter Ilieve (1998-04-19) described at length


# the history of summer time legislation in the United Kingdom.


# Since 1998 Joseph S. Myers has been updating


# and extending this list, which can be found in


# http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/


# <a href="http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/">


# History of legal time in Britain


# </a>


# Rob Crowther (2012-01-04) reports that that URL no longer


# exists, and the article can now be found at:


# <a href="http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/">


# http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/


# </a>





# From Joseph S. Myers (1998-01-06):


#


# The legal time in the UK outside of summer time is definitely GMT, not UTC;


# see Lord Tanlaw's speech


# <a href="http://www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk/pa/ld199697/ldhansrd/pdvn/lds97/text/70611-20.htm#70611-20_head0">


# (Lords Hansard 11 June 1997 columns 964 to 976)


# </a>.





# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):


#


# For lack of other data, follow Shanks & Pottenger for Eire in 1940-1948.


#


# Given Ilieve and Myers's data, the following claims by Shanks & Pottenger


# are incorrect:


#     * Wales did not switch from GMT to daylight saving time until


#	1921 Apr 3, when they began to conform with the rest of Great Britain.


# Actually, Wales was identical after 1880.


#     * Eire had two transitions on 1916 Oct 1.


# It actually just had one transition.


#     * Northern Ireland used single daylight saving time throughout WW II.


# Actually, it conformed to Britain.


#     * GB-Eire changed standard time to 1 hour ahead of GMT on 1968-02-18.


# Actually, that date saw the usual switch to summer time.


# Standard time was not changed until 1968-10-27 (the clocks didn't change).


#


# Here is another incorrect claim by Shanks & Pottenger:


#     * Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man did not switch from GMT


#	to daylight saving time until 1921 Apr 3, when they began to


#	conform with Great Britain.


# S.R.&O. 1916, No. 382 and HO 45/10811/312364 (quoted above) say otherwise.


#


# The following claim by Shanks & Pottenger is possible though doubtful;


# we'll ignore it for now.


#     * Dublin's 1971-10-31 switch was at 02:00, even though London's was 03:00.


#


#


# Whitman says Dublin Mean Time was -0:25:21, which is more precise than


# Shanks & Pottenger.


# Perhaps this was Dunsink Observatory Time, as Dunsink Observatory


# (8 km NW of Dublin's center) seemingly was to Dublin as Greenwich was


# to London.  For example:


#


#   "Timeball on the ballast office is down.  Dunsink time."


#   -- James Joyce, Ulysses





# From Joseph S. Myers (2005-01-26):


# Irish laws are available online at www.irishstatutebook.ie.  These include


# various relating to legal time, for example:


#


# ZZA13Y1923.html ZZA12Y1924.html ZZA8Y1925.html ZZSIV20PG1267.html


#


# ZZSI71Y1947.html ZZSI128Y1948.html ZZSI23Y1949.html ZZSI41Y1950.html


# ZZSI27Y1951.html ZZSI73Y1952.html


#


# ZZSI11Y1961.html ZZSI232Y1961.html ZZSI182Y1962.html


# ZZSI167Y1963.html ZZSI257Y1964.html ZZSI198Y1967.html


# ZZA23Y1968.html ZZA17Y1971.html


#


# ZZSI67Y1981.html ZZSI212Y1982.html ZZSI45Y1986.html


# ZZSI264Y1988.html ZZSI52Y1990.html ZZSI371Y1992.html


# ZZSI395Y1994.html ZZSI484Y1997.html ZZSI506Y2001.html


#


# [These are all relative to the root, e.g., the first is


# <http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/ZZA13Y1923.html>.]


#


# (These are those I found, but there could be more.  In any case these


# should allow various updates to the comments in the europe file to cover


# the laws applicable in Ireland.)


#


# (Note that the time in the Republic of Ireland since 1968 has been defined


# in terms of standard time being GMT+1 with a period of winter time when it


# is GMT, rather than standard time being GMT with a period of summer time


# being GMT+1.)





# From Paul Eggert (1999-03-28):


# Clive Feather (<news:859845706.26043.0@office.demon.net>, 1997-03-31)


# reports that Folkestone (Cheriton) Shuttle Terminal uses Concession Time


# (CT), equivalent to French civil time.


# Julian Hill (<news:36118128.5A14@virgin.net>, 1998-09-30) reports that


# trains between Dollands Moor (the freight facility next door)


# and Frethun run in CT.


# My admittedly uninformed guess is that the terminal has two authorities,


# the French concession operators and the British civil authorities,


# and that the time depends on who you're talking to.


# If, say, the British police were called to the station for some reason,


# I would expect the official police report to use GMT/BST and not CET/CEST.


# This is a borderline case, but for now let's stick to GMT/BST.





# From an anonymous contributor (1996-06-02):


# The law governing time in Ireland is under Statutory Instrument SI 395/94,


# which gives force to European Union 7th Council Directive # 94/21/EC.


# Under this directive, the Minister for Justice in Ireland makes appropriate


# regulations. I spoke this morning with the Secretary of the Department of


# Justice (tel +353 1 678 9711) who confirmed to me that the correct name is


# "Irish Summer Time", abbreviated to "IST".





# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S


# Summer Time Act, 1916


Rule	GB-Eire	1916	only	-	May	21	2:00s	1:00	BST


Rule	GB-Eire	1916	only	-	Oct	 1	2:00s	0	GMT


# S.R.&O. 1917, No. 358


Rule	GB-Eire	1917	only	-	Apr	 8	2:00s	1:00	BST


Rule	GB-Eire	1917	only	-	Sep	17	2:00s	0	GMT


# S.R.&O. 1918, No. 274


Rule	GB-Eire	1918	only	-	Mar	24	2:00s	1:00	BST


Rule	GB-Eire	1918	only	-	Sep	30	2:00s	0	GMT


# S.R.&O. 1919, No. 297


Rule	GB-Eire	1919	only	-	Mar	30	2:00s	1:00	BST


Rule	GB-Eire	1919	only	-	Sep	29	2:00s	0	GMT


# S.R.&O. 1920, No. 458


Rule	GB-Eire	1920	only	-	Mar	28	2:00s	1:00	BST


# S.R.&O. 1920, No. 1844


Rule	GB-Eire	1920	only	-	Oct	25	2:00s	0	GMT


# S.R.&O. 1921, No. 363


Rule	GB-Eire	1921	only	-	Apr	 3	2:00s	1:00	BST


Rule	GB-Eire	1921	only	-	Oct	 3	2:00s	0	GMT


# S.R.&O. 1922, No. 264


Rule	GB-Eire	1922	only	-	Mar	26	2:00s	1:00	BST


Rule	GB-Eire	1922	only	-	Oct	 8	2:00s	0	GMT


# The Summer Time Act, 1922


Rule	GB-Eire	1923	only	-	Apr	Sun>=16	2:00s	1:00	BST


Rule	GB-Eire	1923	1924	-	Sep	Sun>=16	2:00s	0	GMT


Rule	GB-Eire	1924	only	-	Apr	Sun>=9	2:00s	1:00	BST


Rule	GB-Eire	1925	1926	-	Apr	Sun>=16	2:00s	1:00	BST


# The Summer Time Act, 1925


Rule	GB-Eire	1925	1938	-	Oct	Sun>=2	2:00s	0	GMT


Rule	GB-Eire	1927	only	-	Apr	Sun>=9	2:00s	1:00	BST


Rule	GB-Eire	1928	1929	-	Apr	Sun>=16	2:00s	1:00	BST


Rule	GB-Eire	1930	only	-	Apr	Sun>=9	2:00s	1:00	BST


Rule	GB-Eire	1931	1932	-	Apr	Sun>=16	2:00s	1:00	BST


Rule	GB-Eire	1933	only	-	Apr	Sun>=9	2:00s	1:00	BST


Rule	GB-Eire	1934	only	-	Apr	Sun>=16	2:00s	1:00	BST


Rule	GB-Eire	1935	only	-	Apr	Sun>=9	2:00s	1:00	BST


Rule	GB-Eire	1936	1937	-	Apr	Sun>=16	2:00s	1:00	BST


Rule	GB-Eire	1938	only	-	Apr	Sun>=9	2:00s	1:00	BST


Rule	GB-Eire	1939	only	-	Apr	Sun>=16	2:00s	1:00	BST


# S.R.&O. 1939, No. 1379


Rule	GB-Eire	1939	only	-	Nov	Sun>=16	2:00s	0	GMT


# S.R.&O. 1940, No. 172 and No. 1883


Rule	GB-Eire	1940	only	-	Feb	Sun>=23	2:00s	1:00	BST


# S.R.&O. 1941, No. 476


Rule	GB-Eire	1941	only	-	May	Sun>=2	1:00s	2:00	BDST


Rule	GB-Eire	1941	1943	-	Aug	Sun>=9	1:00s	1:00	BST


# S.R.&O. 1942, No. 506


Rule	GB-Eire	1942	1944	-	Apr	Sun>=2	1:00s	2:00	BDST


# S.R.&O. 1944, No. 932


Rule	GB-Eire	1944	only	-	Sep	Sun>=16	1:00s	1:00	BST


# S.R.&O. 1945, No. 312


Rule	GB-Eire	1945	only	-	Apr	Mon>=2	1:00s	2:00	BDST


Rule	GB-Eire	1945	only	-	Jul	Sun>=9	1:00s	1:00	BST


# S.R.&O. 1945, No. 1208


Rule	GB-Eire	1945	1946	-	Oct	Sun>=2	2:00s	0	GMT


Rule	GB-Eire	1946	only	-	Apr	Sun>=9	2:00s	1:00	BST


# The Summer Time Act, 1947


Rule	GB-Eire	1947	only	-	Mar	16	2:00s	1:00	BST


Rule	GB-Eire	1947	only	-	Apr	13	1:00s	2:00	BDST


Rule	GB-Eire	1947	only	-	Aug	10	1:00s	1:00	BST


Rule	GB-Eire	1947	only	-	Nov	 2	2:00s	0	GMT


# Summer Time Order, 1948 (S.I. 1948/495)


Rule	GB-Eire	1948	only	-	Mar	14	2:00s	1:00	BST


Rule	GB-Eire	1948	only	-	Oct	31	2:00s	0	GMT


# Summer Time Order, 1949 (S.I. 1949/373)


Rule	GB-Eire	1949	only	-	Apr	 3	2:00s	1:00	BST


Rule	GB-Eire	1949	only	-	Oct	30	2:00s	0	GMT


# Summer Time Order, 1950 (S.I. 1950/518)


# Summer Time Order, 1951 (S.I. 1951/430)


# Summer Time Order, 1952 (S.I. 1952/451)


Rule	GB-Eire	1950	1952	-	Apr	Sun>=14	2:00s	1:00	BST


Rule	GB-Eire	1950	1952	-	Oct	Sun>=21	2:00s	0	GMT


# revert to the rules of the Summer Time Act, 1925


Rule	GB-Eire	1953	only	-	Apr	Sun>=16	2:00s	1:00	BST


Rule	GB-Eire	1953	1960	-	Oct	Sun>=2	2:00s	0	GMT


Rule	GB-Eire	1954	only	-	Apr	Sun>=9	2:00s	1:00	BST


Rule	GB-Eire	1955	1956	-	Apr	Sun>=16	2:00s	1:00	BST


Rule	GB-Eire	1957	only	-	Apr	Sun>=9	2:00s	1:00	BST


Rule	GB-Eire	1958	1959	-	Apr	Sun>=16	2:00s	1:00	BST


Rule	GB-Eire	1960	only	-	Apr	Sun>=9	2:00s	1:00	BST


# Summer Time Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/71)


# Summer Time (1962) Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/2465)


# Summer Time Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/81)


Rule	GB-Eire	1961	1963	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	BST


Rule	GB-Eire	1961	1968	-	Oct	Sun>=23	2:00s	0	GMT


# Summer Time (1964) Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/2101)


# Summer Time Order, 1964 (S.I. 1964/1201)


# Summer Time Order, 1967 (S.I. 1967/1148)


Rule	GB-Eire	1964	1967	-	Mar	Sun>=19	2:00s	1:00	BST


# Summer Time Order, 1968 (S.I. 1968/117)


Rule	GB-Eire	1968	only	-	Feb	18	2:00s	1:00	BST


# The British Standard Time Act, 1968


#	(no summer time)


# The Summer Time Act, 1972


Rule	GB-Eire	1972	1980	-	Mar	Sun>=16	2:00s	1:00	BST


Rule	GB-Eire	1972	1980	-	Oct	Sun>=23	2:00s	0	GMT


# Summer Time Order, 1980 (S.I. 1980/1089)


# Summer Time Order, 1982 (S.I. 1982/1673)


# Summer Time Order, 1986 (S.I. 1986/223)


# Summer Time Order, 1988 (S.I. 1988/931)


Rule	GB-Eire	1981	1995	-	Mar	lastSun	1:00u	1:00	BST


Rule	GB-Eire 1981	1989	-	Oct	Sun>=23	1:00u	0	GMT


# Summer Time Order, 1989 (S.I. 1989/985)


# Summer Time Order, 1992 (S.I. 1992/1729)


# Summer Time Order 1994 (S.I. 1994/2798)


Rule	GB-Eire 1990	1995	-	Oct	Sun>=22	1:00u	0	GMT


# Summer Time Order 1997 (S.I. 1997/2982)


# See EU for rules starting in 1996.





# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]


Zone	Europe/London	-0:01:15 -	LMT	1847 Dec  1 0:00s


			 0:00	GB-Eire	%s	1968 Oct 27


			 1:00	-	BST	1971 Oct 31 2:00u


			 0:00	GB-Eire	%s	1996


			 0:00	EU	GMT/BST


Link	Europe/London	Europe/Jersey


Link	Europe/London	Europe/Guernsey


Link	Europe/London	Europe/Isle_of_Man


Zone	Europe/Dublin	-0:25:00 -	LMT	1880 Aug  2


			-0:25:21 -	DMT	1916 May 21 2:00


			-0:25:21 1:00	IST	1916 Oct  1 2:00s


			 0:00	GB-Eire	%s	1921 Dec  6 # independence


			 0:00	GB-Eire	GMT/IST	1940 Feb 25 2:00


			 0:00	1:00	IST	1946 Oct  6 2:00


			 0:00	-	GMT	1947 Mar 16 2:00


			 0:00	1:00	IST	1947 Nov  2 2:00


			 0:00	-	GMT	1948 Apr 18 2:00


			 0:00	GB-Eire	GMT/IST	1968 Oct 27


			 1:00	-	IST	1971 Oct 31 2:00u


			 0:00	GB-Eire	GMT/IST	1996


			 0:00	EU	GMT/IST





###############################################################################





# Europe





# EU rules are for the European Union, previously known as the EC, EEC,


# Common Market, etc.





# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S


Rule	EU	1977	1980	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 1:00u	1:00	S


Rule	EU	1977	only	-	Sep	lastSun	 1:00u	0	-


Rule	EU	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	 1:00u	0	-


Rule	EU	1979	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	 1:00u	0	-


Rule	EU	1981	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 1:00u	1:00	S


Rule	EU	1996	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 1:00u	0	-


# The most recent directive covers the years starting in 2002.  See:


# <a="http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32000L0084:EN:NOT">


# Directive 2000/84/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council


# of 19 January 2001 on summer-time arrangements.


# </a>





# W-Eur differs from EU only in that W-Eur uses standard time.


Rule	W-Eur	1977	1980	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 1:00s	1:00	S


Rule	W-Eur	1977	only	-	Sep	lastSun	 1:00s	0	-


Rule	W-Eur	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	 1:00s	0	-


Rule	W-Eur	1979	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	 1:00s	0	-


Rule	W-Eur	1981	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 1:00s	1:00	S


Rule	W-Eur	1996	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 1:00s	0	-





# Older C-Eur rules are for convenience in the tables.


# From 1977 on, C-Eur differs from EU only in that C-Eur uses standard time.


Rule	C-Eur	1916	only	-	Apr	30	23:00	1:00	S


Rule	C-Eur	1916	only	-	Oct	 1	 1:00	0	-


Rule	C-Eur	1917	1918	-	Apr	Mon>=15	 2:00s	1:00	S


Rule	C-Eur	1917	1918	-	Sep	Mon>=15	 2:00s	0	-


Rule	C-Eur	1940	only	-	Apr	 1	 2:00s	1:00	S


Rule	C-Eur	1942	only	-	Nov	 2	 2:00s	0	-


Rule	C-Eur	1943	only	-	Mar	29	 2:00s	1:00	S


Rule	C-Eur	1943	only	-	Oct	 4	 2:00s	0	-


Rule	C-Eur	1944	1945	-	Apr	Mon>=1	 2:00s	1:00	S


# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 7; go with Shanks & Pottenger.


Rule	C-Eur	1944	only	-	Oct	 2	 2:00s	0	-


# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2008-07-13):


#


# I found what is probably a typo of 2:00 which should perhaps be 2:00s


# in the C-Eur rule from tz database version 2008d (this part was


# corrected in version 2008d). The circumstancial evidence is simply the


# tz database itself, as seen below:


#


# Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15  0:01


#    0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16  3:00


#


# Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15


#    0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00


#


# Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884


#    1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16  2:00s


#


# Rule France 1945 only - Sep 16  3:00 0 -


# Rule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16  2:00s 0 -


# Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -


#


# The rule line to be changed is:


#


# Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16  2:00 0 -


#


# It seems that Paris, Monaco, Rule France, Rule Belgium all agree on


# 2:00 standard time, e.g. 3:00 local time.  However there are no


# countries that use C-Eur rules in September 1945, so the only items


# affected are apparently these ficticious zones that translates acronyms


# CET and MET:


#


# Zone CET  1:00 C-Eur CE%sT


# Zone MET  1:00 C-Eur ME%sT


#


# It this is right then the corrected version would look like:


#


# Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16  2:00s 0 -


#


# A small step for mankind though 8-)


Rule	C-Eur	1945	only	-	Sep	16	 2:00s	0	-


Rule	C-Eur	1977	1980	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 2:00s	1:00	S


Rule	C-Eur	1977	only	-	Sep	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-


Rule	C-Eur	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	 2:00s	0	-


Rule	C-Eur	1979	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-


Rule	C-Eur	1981	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	S


Rule	C-Eur	1996	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-





# E-Eur differs from EU only in that E-Eur switches at midnight local time.


Rule	E-Eur	1977	1980	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 0:00	1:00	S


Rule	E-Eur	1977	only	-	Sep	lastSun	 0:00	0	-


Rule	E-Eur	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0	-


Rule	E-Eur	1979	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	 0:00	0	-


Rule	E-Eur	1981	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 0:00	1:00	S


Rule	E-Eur	1996	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 0:00	0	-





# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S


Rule	Russia	1917	only	-	Jul	 1	23:00	1:00	MST	# Moscow Summer Time


Rule	Russia	1917	only	-	Dec	28	 0:00	0	MMT	# Moscow Mean Time


Rule	Russia	1918	only	-	May	31	22:00	2:00	MDST	# Moscow Double Summer Time


Rule	Russia	1918	only	-	Sep	16	 1:00	1:00	MST


Rule	Russia	1919	only	-	May	31	23:00	2:00	MDST


Rule	Russia	1919	only	-	Jul	 1	 2:00	1:00	S


Rule	Russia	1919	only	-	Aug	16	 0:00	0	-


Rule	Russia	1921	only	-	Feb	14	23:00	1:00	S


Rule	Russia	1921	only	-	Mar	20	23:00	2:00	M # Midsummer


Rule	Russia	1921	only	-	Sep	 1	 0:00	1:00	S


Rule	Russia	1921	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0	-


# Act No.925 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1980-10-24):


Rule	Russia	1981	1984	-	Apr	 1	 0:00	1:00	S


Rule	Russia	1981	1983	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0	-


# Act No.967 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1984-09-13), repeated in


# Act No.227 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1989-03-14):


Rule	Russia	1984	1991	-	Sep	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-


Rule	Russia	1985	1991	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	S


#


Rule	Russia	1992	only	-	Mar	lastSat	 23:00	1:00	S


Rule	Russia	1992	only	-	Sep	lastSat	 23:00	0	-


Rule	Russia	1993	2010	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Russia	1993	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-


Rule	Russia	1996	2010	-	Oct	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-





# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-06-14):


# According to Kremlin press service, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev


# signed a federal law "On calculation of time" on June 9, 2011.


# According to the law Russia is abolishing daylight saving time.


#


# Medvedev signed a law "On the Calculation of Time" (in russian):


# <a href="http://bmockbe.ru/events/?ID=7583">


# http://bmockbe.ru/events/?ID=7583


# </a>


#


# Medvedev signed a law on the calculation of the time (in russian):


# <a href="http://www.regnum.ru/news/polit/1413906.html">


# http://www.regnum.ru/news/polit/1413906.html


# </a>





# From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15):


# Take "abolishing daylight saving time" to mean that time is now considered


# to be standard.





# These are for backward compatibility with older versions.





# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]


Zone	WET		0:00	EU	WE%sT


Zone	CET		1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT


Zone	MET		1:00	C-Eur	ME%sT


Zone	EET		2:00	EU	EE%sT





# Previous editions of this database used abbreviations like MET DST


# for Central European Summer Time, but this didn't agree with common usage.





# From Markus Kuhn (1996-07-12):


# The official German names ... are


#


#	Mitteleuropaeische Zeit (MEZ)         = UTC+01:00


#	Mitteleuropaeische Sommerzeit (MESZ)  = UTC+02:00


#


# as defined in the German Time Act (Gesetz ueber die Zeitbestimmung (ZeitG),


# 1978-07-25, Bundesgesetzblatt, Jahrgang 1978, Teil I, S. 1110-1111)....


# I wrote ... to the German Federal Physical-Technical Institution


#


#	Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB)


#	Laboratorium 4.41 "Zeiteinheit"


#	Postfach 3345


#	D-38023 Braunschweig


#	phone: +49 531 592-0


#


# ... I received today an answer letter from Dr. Peter Hetzel, head of the PTB


# department for time and frequency transmission.  He explained that the


# PTB translates MEZ and MESZ into English as


#


#	Central European Time (CET)         = UTC+01:00


#	Central European Summer Time (CEST) = UTC+02:00








# Albania


# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S


Rule	Albania	1940	only	-	Jun	16	0:00	1:00	S


Rule	Albania	1942	only	-	Nov	 2	3:00	0	-


Rule	Albania	1943	only	-	Mar	29	2:00	1:00	S


Rule	Albania	1943	only	-	Apr	10	3:00	0	-


Rule	Albania	1974	only	-	May	 4	0:00	1:00	S


Rule	Albania	1974	only	-	Oct	 2	0:00	0	-


Rule	Albania	1975	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	S


Rule	Albania	1975	only	-	Oct	 2	0:00	0	-


Rule	Albania	1976	only	-	May	 2	0:00	1:00	S


Rule	Albania	1976	only	-	Oct	 3	0:00	0	-


Rule	Albania	1977	only	-	May	 8	0:00	1:00	S


Rule	Albania	1977	only	-	Oct	 2	0:00	0	-


Rule	Albania	1978	only	-	May	 6	0:00	1:00	S


Rule	Albania	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-


Rule	Albania	1979	only	-	May	 5	0:00	1:00	S


Rule	Albania	1979	only	-	Sep	30	0:00	0	-


Rule	Albania	1980	only	-	May	 3	0:00	1:00	S


Rule	Albania	1980	only	-	Oct	 4	0:00	0	-


Rule	Albania	1981	only	-	Apr	26	0:00	1:00	S


Rule	Albania	1981	only	-	Sep	27	0:00	0	-


Rule	Albania	1982	only	-	May	 2	0:00	1:00	S


Rule	Albania	1982	only	-	Oct	 3	0:00	0	-


Rule	Albania	1983	only	-	Apr	18	0:00	1:00	S


Rule	Albania	1983	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-


Rule	Albania	1984	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S


# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]


Zone	Europe/Tirane	1:19:20 -	LMT	1914


			1:00	-	CET	1940 Jun 16


			1:00	Albania	CE%sT	1984 Jul


			1:00	EU	CE%sT





# Andorra


# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]


Zone	Europe/Andorra	0:06:04 -	LMT	1901


			0:00	-	WET	1946 Sep 30


			1:00	-	CET	1985 Mar 31 2:00


			1:00	EU	CE%sT





# Austria





# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): Shanks & Pottenger give 1918-06-16 and


# 1945-11-18, but the Austrian Federal Office of Metrology and


# Surveying (BEV) gives 1918-09-16 and for Vienna gives the "alleged"


# date of 1945-04-12 with no time.  For the 1980-04-06 transition


# Shanks & Pottenger give 02:00, the BEV 00:00.  Go with the BEV,


# and guess 02:00 for 1945-04-12.





# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S


Rule	Austria	1920	only	-	Apr	 5	2:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Austria	1920	only	-	Sep	13	2:00s	0	-


Rule	Austria	1946	only	-	Apr	14	2:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Austria	1946	1948	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-


Rule	Austria	1947	only	-	Apr	 6	2:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Austria	1948	only	-	Apr	18	2:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Austria	1980	only	-	Apr	 6	0:00	1:00	S


Rule	Austria	1980	only	-	Sep	28	0:00	0	-


# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]


Zone	Europe/Vienna	1:05:20 -	LMT	1893 Apr


			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1920


			1:00	Austria	CE%sT	1940 Apr  1 2:00s


			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 Apr  2 2:00s


			1:00	1:00	CEST	1945 Apr 12 2:00s


			1:00	-	CET	1946


			1:00	Austria	CE%sT	1981


			1:00	EU	CE%sT





# Belarus


# From Yauhen Kharuzhy (2011-09-16):


# By latest Belarus government act Europe/Minsk timezone was changed to


# GMT+3 without DST (was GMT+2 with DST).


#


# Sources (Russian language):


# 1.


# <a href="http://www.belta.by/ru/all_news/society/V-Belarusi-otmenjaetsja-perexod-na-sezonnoe-vremja_i_572952.html">


# http://www.belta.by/ru/all_news/society/V-Belarusi-otmenjaetsja-perexod-na-sezonnoe-vremja_i_572952.html


# </a>


# 2.


# <a href="http://naviny.by/rubrics/society/2011/09/16/ic_articles_116_175144/">


# http://naviny.by/rubrics/society/2011/09/16/ic_articles_116_175144/


# </a>


# 3.


# <a href="http://news.tut.by/society/250578.html">


# http://news.tut.by/society/250578.html


# </a>


# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]


Zone	Europe/Minsk	1:50:16 -	LMT	1880


			1:50	-	MMT	1924 May 2 # Minsk Mean Time


			2:00	-	EET	1930 Jun 21


			3:00	-	MSK	1941 Jun 28


			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Jul  3


			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1990


			3:00	-	MSK	1991 Mar 31 2:00s


			2:00	1:00	EEST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s


			2:00	-	EET	1992 Mar 29 0:00s


			2:00	1:00	EEST	1992 Sep 27 0:00s


			2:00	Russia	EE%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s


			3:00	-	FET # Further-eastern European Time





# Belgium


#


# From Paul Eggert (1997-07-02):


# Entries from 1918 through 1991 are taken from:


#	Annuaire de L'Observatoire Royal de Belgique,


#	Avenue Circulaire, 3, B-1180 BRUXELLES, CLVIIe annee, 1991


#	(Imprimerie HAYEZ, s.p.r.l., Rue Fin, 4, 1080 BRUXELLES, MCMXC),


#	pp 8-9.


# LMT before 1892 was 0:17:30, according to the official journal of Belgium:


#	Moniteur Belge, Samedi 30 Avril 1892, N.121.


# Thanks to Pascal Delmoitie for these references.


# The 1918 rules are listed for completeness; they apply to unoccupied Belgium.


# Assume Brussels switched to WET in 1918 when the armistice took effect.


#


# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S


Rule	Belgium	1918	only	-	Mar	 9	 0:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Belgium	1918	1919	-	Oct	Sat>=1	23:00s	0	-


Rule	Belgium	1919	only	-	Mar	 1	23:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Belgium	1920	only	-	Feb	14	23:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Belgium	1920	only	-	Oct	23	23:00s	0	-


Rule	Belgium	1921	only	-	Mar	14	23:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Belgium	1921	only	-	Oct	25	23:00s	0	-


Rule	Belgium	1922	only	-	Mar	25	23:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Belgium	1922	1927	-	Oct	Sat>=1	23:00s	0	-


Rule	Belgium	1923	only	-	Apr	21	23:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Belgium	1924	only	-	Mar	29	23:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Belgium	1925	only	-	Apr	 4	23:00s	1:00	S


# DSH writes that a royal decree of 1926-02-22 specified the Sun following 3rd


# Sat in Apr (except if it's Easter, in which case it's one Sunday earlier),


# to Sun following 1st Sat in Oct, and that a royal decree of 1928-09-15


# changed the transition times to 02:00 GMT.


Rule	Belgium	1926	only	-	Apr	17	23:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Belgium	1927	only	-	Apr	 9	23:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Belgium	1928	only	-	Apr	14	23:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Belgium	1928	1938	-	Oct	Sun>=2	 2:00s	0	-


Rule	Belgium	1929	only	-	Apr	21	 2:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Belgium	1930	only	-	Apr	13	 2:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Belgium	1931	only	-	Apr	19	 2:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Belgium	1932	only	-	Apr	 3	 2:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Belgium	1933	only	-	Mar	26	 2:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Belgium	1934	only	-	Apr	 8	 2:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Belgium	1935	only	-	Mar	31	 2:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Belgium	1936	only	-	Apr	19	 2:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Belgium	1937	only	-	Apr	 4	 2:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Belgium	1938	only	-	Mar	27	 2:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Belgium	1939	only	-	Apr	16	 2:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Belgium	1939	only	-	Nov	19	 2:00s	0	-


Rule	Belgium	1940	only	-	Feb	25	 2:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Belgium	1944	only	-	Sep	17	 2:00s	0	-


Rule	Belgium	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	 2:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Belgium	1945	only	-	Sep	16	 2:00s	0	-


Rule	Belgium	1946	only	-	May	19	 2:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Belgium	1946	only	-	Oct	 7	 2:00s	0	-


# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]


Zone	Europe/Brussels	0:17:30 -	LMT	1880


			0:17:30	-	BMT	1892 May  1 12:00 # Brussels MT


			0:00	-	WET	1914 Nov  8


			1:00	-	CET	1916 May  1  0:00


			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1918 Nov 11 11:00u


			0:00	Belgium	WE%sT	1940 May 20  2:00s


			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Sep  3


			1:00	Belgium	CE%sT	1977


			1:00	EU	CE%sT





# Bosnia and Herzegovina


# see Serbia





# Bulgaria


#


# From Plamen Simenov via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):


# A document of Government of Bulgaria (No.94/1997) says:


# EET --> EETDST is in 03:00 Local time in last Sunday of March ...


# EETDST --> EET is in 04:00 Local time in last Sunday of October


#


# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S


Rule	Bulg	1979	only	-	Mar	31	23:00	1:00	S


Rule	Bulg	1979	only	-	Oct	 1	 1:00	0	-


Rule	Bulg	1980	1982	-	Apr	Sat>=1	23:00	1:00	S


Rule	Bulg	1980	only	-	Sep	29	 1:00	0	-


Rule	Bulg	1981	only	-	Sep	27	 2:00	0	-


# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]


Zone	Europe/Sofia	1:33:16 -	LMT	1880


			1:56:56	-	IMT	1894 Nov 30 # Istanbul MT?


			2:00	-	EET	1942 Nov  2  3:00


			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945


			1:00	-	CET	1945 Apr 2 3:00


			2:00	-	EET	1979 Mar 31 23:00


			2:00	Bulg	EE%sT	1982 Sep 26  2:00


			2:00	C-Eur	EE%sT	1991


			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT	1997


			2:00	EU	EE%sT





# Croatia


# see Serbia





# Cyprus


# Please see the `asia' file for Asia/Nicosia.





# Czech Republic


# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S


Rule	Czech	1945	only	-	Apr	 8	2:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Czech	1945	only	-	Nov	18	2:00s	0	-


Rule	Czech	1946	only	-	May	 6	2:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Czech	1946	1949	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-


Rule	Czech	1947	only	-	Apr	20	2:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Czech	1948	only	-	Apr	18	2:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Czech	1949	only	-	Apr	 9	2:00s	1:00	S


# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]


Zone	Europe/Prague	0:57:44 -	LMT	1850


			0:57:44	-	PMT	1891 Oct     # Prague Mean Time


			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Sep 17 2:00s


			1:00	Czech	CE%sT	1979


			1:00	EU	CE%sT





# Denmark, Faroe Islands, and Greenland





# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2005-04-26):


# http://www.hum.aau.dk/~poe/tid/tine/DanskTid.htm says that the law


# [introducing standard time] was in effect from 1894-01-01....


# The page http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A18930008330-REGL


# confirms this, and states that the law was put forth 1893-03-29.


#


# The EU treaty with effect from 1973:


# http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19722110030-REGL


#


# This provoked a new law from 1974 to make possible summer time changes


# in subsequenet decrees with the law


# http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19740022330-REGL


#


# It seems however that no decree was set forward until 1980.  I have


# not found any decree, but in another related law, the effecting DST


# changes are stated explicitly to be from 1980-04-06 at 02:00 to


# 1980-09-28 at 02:00.  If this is true, this differs slightly from


# the EU rule in that DST runs to 02:00, not 03:00.  We don't know


# when Denmark began using the EU rule correctly, but we have only


# confirmation of the 1980-time, so I presume it was correct in 1981:


# The law is about the management of the extra hour, concerning


# working hours reported and effect on obligatory-rest rules (which


# was suspended on that night):


# http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/C19801120554-REGL





# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2005-06-11):


# The Herning Folkeblad (1980-09-26) reported that the night between


# Saturday and Sunday the clock is set back from three to two.





# From Paul Eggert (2005-06-11):


# Hence the "02:00" of the 1980 law refers to standard time, not


# wall-clock time, and so the EU rules were in effect in 1980.





# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S


Rule	Denmark	1916	only	-	May	14	23:00	1:00	S


Rule	Denmark	1916	only	-	Sep	30	23:00	0	-


Rule	Denmark	1940	only	-	May	15	 0:00	1:00	S


Rule	Denmark	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	 2:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Denmark	1945	only	-	Aug	15	 2:00s	0	-


Rule	Denmark	1946	only	-	May	 1	 2:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Denmark	1946	only	-	Sep	 1	 2:00s	0	-


Rule	Denmark	1947	only	-	May	 4	 2:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Denmark	1947	only	-	Aug	10	 2:00s	0	-


Rule	Denmark	1948	only	-	May	 9	 2:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Denmark	1948	only	-	Aug	 8	 2:00s	0	-


#


# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]


Zone Europe/Copenhagen	 0:50:20 -	LMT	1890


			 0:50:20 -	CMT	1894 Jan  1 # Copenhagen MT


			 1:00	Denmark	CE%sT	1942 Nov  2 2:00s


			 1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 Apr  2 2:00


			 1:00	Denmark	CE%sT	1980


			 1:00	EU	CE%sT


Zone Atlantic/Faroe	-0:27:04 -	LMT	1908 Jan 11	# Torshavn


			 0:00	-	WET	1981


			 0:00	EU	WE%sT


#


# From Paul Eggert (2004-10-31):


# During World War II, Germany maintained secret manned weather stations in


# East Greenland and Franz Josef Land, but we don't know their time zones.


# My source for this is Wilhelm Dege's book mentioned under Svalbard.


#


# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):


# Greenland joined the EU as part of Denmark, obtained home rule on 1979-05-01,


# and left the EU on 1985-02-01.  It therefore should have been using EU


# rules at least through 1984.  Shanks & Pottenger say Scoresbysund and Godthab


# used C-Eur rules after 1980, but IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says they use EU


# rules since at least 1991.  Assume EU rules since 1980.





# From Gwillin Law (2001-06-06), citing


# <http://www.statkart.no/efs/efshefter/2001/efs5-2001.pdf> (2001-03-15),


# and with translations corrected by Steffen Thorsen:


#


# Greenland has four local times, and the relation to UTC


# is according to the following time line:


#


# The military zone near Thule	UTC-4


# Standard Greenland time	UTC-3


# Scoresbysund			UTC-1


# Danmarkshavn			UTC


#


# In the military area near Thule and in Danmarkshavn DST will not be


# introduced.





# From Rives McDow (2001-11-01):


#


# I correspond regularly with the Dansk Polarcenter, and wrote them at


# the time to clarify the situation in Thule.  Unfortunately, I have


# not heard back from them regarding my recent letter.  [But I have


# info from earlier correspondence.]


#


# According to the center, a very small local time zone around Thule


# Air Base keeps the time according to UTC-4, implementing daylight


# savings using North America rules, changing the time at 02:00 local time....


#


# The east coast of Greenland north of the community of Scoresbysund


# uses UTC in the same way as in Iceland, year round, with no dst.


# There are just a few stations on this coast, including the


# Danmarkshavn ICAO weather station mentioned in your September 29th


# email.  The other stations are two sledge patrol stations in


# Mestersvig and Daneborg, the air force base at Station Nord, and the


# DPC research station at Zackenberg.


#


# Scoresbysund and two small villages nearby keep time UTC-1 and use


# the same daylight savings time period as in West Greenland (Godthab).


#


# The rest of Greenland, including Godthab (this area, although it


# includes central Greenland, is known as west Greenland), keeps time


# UTC-3, with daylight savings methods according to European rules.


#


# It is common procedure to use UTC 0 in the wilderness of East and


# North Greenland, because it is mainly Icelandic aircraft operators


# maintaining traffic in these areas.  However, the official status of


# this area is that it sticks with Godthab time.  This area might be


# considered a dual time zone in some respects because of this.





# From Rives McDow (2001-11-19):


# I heard back from someone stationed at Thule; the time change took place


# there at 2:00 AM.





# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):


# From 1997 on the CIA map shows Danmarkshavn on GMT;


# the 1995 map as like Godthab.


# For lack of better info, assume they were like Godthab before 1996.


# startkart.no says Thule does not observe DST, but this is clearly an error,


# so go with Shanks & Pottenger for Thule transitions until this year.


# For 2007 on assume Thule will stay in sync with US DST rules.


#


# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S


Rule	Thule	1991	1992	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D


Rule	Thule	1991	1992	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S


Rule	Thule	1993	2006	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D


Rule	Thule	1993	2006	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S


Rule	Thule	2007	max	-	Mar	Sun>=8	2:00	1:00	D


Rule	Thule	2007	max	-	Nov	Sun>=1	2:00	0	S


#


# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]


Zone America/Danmarkshavn -1:14:40 -	LMT	1916 Jul 28


			-3:00	-	WGT	1980 Apr  6 2:00


			-3:00	EU	WG%sT	1996


			0:00	-	GMT


Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:27:52 -	LMT	1916 Jul 28 # Ittoqqortoormiit


			-2:00	-	CGT	1980 Apr  6 2:00


			-2:00	C-Eur	CG%sT	1981 Mar 29


			-1:00	EU	EG%sT


Zone America/Godthab	-3:26:56 -	LMT	1916 Jul 28 # Nuuk


			-3:00	-	WGT	1980 Apr  6 2:00


			-3:00	EU	WG%sT


Zone America/Thule	-4:35:08 -	LMT	1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik air base


			-4:00	Thule	A%sT





# Estonia


# From Peter Ilieve (1994-10-15):


# A relative in Tallinn confirms the accuracy of the data for 1989 onwards


# [through 1994] and gives the legal authority for it,


# a regulation of the Government of Estonia, No. 111 of 1989....


#


# From Peter Ilieve (1996-10-28):


# [IATA SSIM (1992/1996) claims that the Baltic republics switch at 01:00s,


# but a relative confirms that Estonia still switches at 02:00s, writing:]


# ``I do not [know] exactly but there are some little different


# (confusing) rules for International Air and Railway Transport Schedules


# conversion in Sunday connected with end of summer time in Estonia....


# A discussion is running about the summer time efficiency and effect on


# human physiology.  It seems that Estonia maybe will not change to


# summer time next spring.''





# From Peter Ilieve (1998-11-04), heavily edited:


# <a href="http://trip.rk.ee/cgi-bin/thw?${BASE}=akt&${OOHTML}=rtd&TA=1998&TO=1&AN=1390">


# The 1998-09-22 Estonian time law


# </a>


# refers to the Eighth Directive and cites the association agreement between


# the EU and Estonia, ratified by the Estonian law (RT II 1995, 22--27, 120).


#


# I also asked [my relative] whether they use any standard abbreviation


# for their standard and summer times. He says no, they use "suveaeg"


# (summer time) and "talveaeg" (winter time).





# From <a href="http://www.baltictimes.com/">The Baltic Times</a> (1999-09-09)


# via Steffen Thorsen:


# This year will mark the last time Estonia shifts to summer time,


# a council of the ruling coalition announced Sept. 6....


# But what this could mean for Estonia's chances of joining the European


# Union are still unclear.  In 1994, the EU declared summer time compulsory


# for all member states until 2001.  Brussels has yet to decide what to do


# after that.





# From Mart Oruaas (2000-01-29):


# Regulation no. 301 (1999-10-12) obsoletes previous regulation


# no. 206 (1998-09-22) and thus sticks Estonia to +02:00 GMT for all


# the year round.  The regulation is effective 1999-11-01.





# From Toomas Soome (2002-02-21):


# The Estonian government has changed once again timezone politics.


# Now we are using again EU rules.


#


# From Urmet Jaanes (2002-03-28):


# The legislative reference is Government decree No. 84 on 2002-02-21.





# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]


Zone	Europe/Tallinn	1:39:00	-	LMT	1880


			1:39:00	-	TMT	1918 Feb # Tallinn Mean Time


			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1919 Jul


			1:39:00	-	TMT	1921 May


			2:00	-	EET	1940 Aug  6


			3:00	-	MSK	1941 Sep 15


			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Sep 22


			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1989 Mar 26 2:00s


			2:00	1:00	EEST	1989 Sep 24 2:00s


			2:00	C-Eur	EE%sT	1998 Sep 22


			2:00	EU	EE%sT	1999 Nov  1


			2:00	-	EET	2002 Feb 21


			2:00	EU	EE%sT





# Finland





# From Hannu Strang (1994-09-25 06:03:37 UTC):


# Well, here in Helsinki we're just changing from summer time to regular one,


# and it's supposed to change at 4am...





# From Janne Snabb (2010-0715):


#


# I noticed that the Finland data is not accurate for years 1981 and 1982.


# During these two first trial years the DST adjustment was made one hour


# earlier than in forthcoming years. Starting 1983 the adjustment was made


# according to the central European standards.


#


# This is documented in Heikki Oja: Aikakirja 2007, published by The Almanac


# Office of University of Helsinki, ISBN 952-10-3221-9, available online (in


# Finnish) at


#


# <a href="http://almanakka.helsinki.fi/aikakirja/Aikakirja2007kokonaan.pdf">


# http://almanakka.helsinki.fi/aikakirja/Aikakirja2007kokonaan.pdf


# </a>


#


# Page 105 (56 in PDF version) has a handy table of all past daylight savings


# transitions. It is easy enough to interpret without Finnish skills.


#


# This is also confirmed by Finnish Broadcasting Company's archive at:


#


# <a href="http://www.yle.fi/elavaarkisto/?s=s&g=1&ag=5&t=&a=3401">


# http://www.yle.fi/elavaarkisto/?s=s&g=1&ag=5&t=&a=3401


# </a>


#


# The news clip from 1981 says that "the time between 2 and 3 o'clock does not


# exist tonight."





# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S


Rule	Finland	1942	only	-	Apr	3	0:00	1:00	S


Rule	Finland	1942	only	-	Oct	3	0:00	0	-


Rule	Finland	1981	1982	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	1:00	S


Rule	Finland	1981	1982	-	Sep	lastSun	3:00	0	-


# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]


Zone	Europe/Helsinki	1:39:52 -	LMT	1878 May 31


			1:39:52	-	HMT	1921 May    # Helsinki Mean Time


			2:00	Finland	EE%sT	1983


			2:00	EU	EE%sT





# Aaland Is


Link	Europe/Helsinki	Europe/Mariehamn








# France





# From Ciro Discepolo (2000-12-20):


#


# Henri Le Corre, Regimes Horaires pour le monde entier, Editions


# Traditionnelles - Paris 2 books, 1993


#


# Gabriel, Traite de l'heure dans le monde, Guy Tredaniel editeur,


# Paris, 1991


#


# Francoise Gauquelin, Problemes de l'heure resolus en astrologie,


# Guy tredaniel, Paris 1987








#


# Shank & Pottenger seem to use `24:00' ambiguously; resolve it with Whitman.


# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S


Rule	France	1916	only	-	Jun	14	23:00s	1:00	S


Rule	France	1916	1919	-	Oct	Sun>=1	23:00s	0	-


Rule	France	1917	only	-	Mar	24	23:00s	1:00	S


Rule	France	1918	only	-	Mar	 9	23:00s	1:00	S


Rule	France	1919	only	-	Mar	 1	23:00s	1:00	S


Rule	France	1920	only	-	Feb	14	23:00s	1:00	S


Rule	France	1920	only	-	Oct	23	23:00s	0	-


Rule	France	1921	only	-	Mar	14	23:00s	1:00	S


Rule	France	1921	only	-	Oct	25	23:00s	0	-


Rule	France	1922	only	-	Mar	25	23:00s	1:00	S


# DSH writes that a law of 1923-05-24 specified 3rd Sat in Apr at 23:00 to 1st


# Sat in Oct at 24:00; and that in 1930, because of Easter, the transitions


# were Apr 12 and Oct 5.  Go with Shanks & Pottenger.


Rule	France	1922	1938	-	Oct	Sat>=1	23:00s	0	-


Rule	France	1923	only	-	May	26	23:00s	1:00	S


Rule	France	1924	only	-	Mar	29	23:00s	1:00	S


Rule	France	1925	only	-	Apr	 4	23:00s	1:00	S


Rule	France	1926	only	-	Apr	17	23:00s	1:00	S


Rule	France	1927	only	-	Apr	 9	23:00s	1:00	S


Rule	France	1928	only	-	Apr	14	23:00s	1:00	S


Rule	France	1929	only	-	Apr	20	23:00s	1:00	S


Rule	France	1930	only	-	Apr	12	23:00s	1:00	S


Rule	France	1931	only	-	Apr	18	23:00s	1:00	S


Rule	France	1932	only	-	Apr	 2	23:00s	1:00	S


Rule	France	1933	only	-	Mar	25	23:00s	1:00	S


Rule	France	1934	only	-	Apr	 7	23:00s	1:00	S


Rule	France	1935	only	-	Mar	30	23:00s	1:00	S


Rule	France	1936	only	-	Apr	18	23:00s	1:00	S


Rule	France	1937	only	-	Apr	 3	23:00s	1:00	S


Rule	France	1938	only	-	Mar	26	23:00s	1:00	S


Rule	France	1939	only	-	Apr	15	23:00s	1:00	S


Rule	France	1939	only	-	Nov	18	23:00s	0	-


Rule	France	1940	only	-	Feb	25	 2:00	1:00	S


# The French rules for 1941-1944 were not used in Paris, but Shanks & Pottenger


# write that they were used in Monaco and in many French locations.


# Le Corre writes that the upper limit of the free zone was Arneguy, Orthez,


# Mont-de-Marsan, Bazas, Langon, Lamotte-Montravel, Marouil, La


# Rochefoucault, Champagne-Mouton, La Roche-Posay, La Haye-Descartes,


# Loches, Montrichard, Vierzon, Bourges, Moulins, Digoin,


# Paray-le-Monial, Montceau-les-Mines, Chalons-sur-Saone, Arbois,


# Dole, Morez, St-Claude, and Collonges (Haute-Savoie).


Rule	France	1941	only	-	May	 5	 0:00	2:00	M # Midsummer


# Shanks & Pottenger say this transition occurred at Oct 6 1:00,


# but go with Denis Excoffier (1997-12-12),


# who quotes the Ephemerides Astronomiques for 1998 from Bureau des Longitudes


# as saying 5/10/41 22hUT.


Rule	France	1941	only	-	Oct	 6	 0:00	1:00	S


Rule	France	1942	only	-	Mar	 9	 0:00	2:00	M


Rule	France	1942	only	-	Nov	 2	 3:00	1:00	S


Rule	France	1943	only	-	Mar	29	 2:00	2:00	M


Rule	France	1943	only	-	Oct	 4	 3:00	1:00	S


Rule	France	1944	only	-	Apr	 3	 2:00	2:00	M


Rule	France	1944	only	-	Oct	 8	 1:00	1:00	S


Rule	France	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	 2:00	2:00	M


Rule	France	1945	only	-	Sep	16	 3:00	0	-


# Shanks & Pottenger give Mar 28 2:00 and Sep 26 3:00;


# go with Excoffier's 28/3/76 0hUT and 25/9/76 23hUT.


Rule	France	1976	only	-	Mar	28	 1:00	1:00	S


Rule	France	1976	only	-	Sep	26	 1:00	0	-


# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time, and Whitman 0:09:05,


# but Howse quotes the actual French legislation as saying 0:09:21.


# Go with Howse.  Howse writes that the time in France was officially based


# on PMT-0:09:21 until 1978-08-09, when the time base finally switched to UTC.


# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]


Zone	Europe/Paris	0:09:21 -	LMT	1891 Mar 15  0:01


			0:09:21	-	PMT	1911 Mar 11  0:01  # Paris MT


# Shanks & Pottenger give 1940 Jun 14 0:00; go with Excoffier and Le Corre.


			0:00	France	WE%sT	1940 Jun 14 23:00


# Le Corre says Paris stuck with occupied-France time after the liberation;


# go with Shanks & Pottenger.


			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Aug 25


			0:00	France	WE%sT	1945 Sep 16  3:00


			1:00	France	CE%sT	1977


			1:00	EU	CE%sT





# Germany





# From Markus Kuhn (1998-09-29):


# The German time zone web site by the Physikalisch-Technische


# Bundesanstalt contains DST information back to 1916.


# [See tz-link.htm for the URL.]





# From Joerg Schilling (2002-10-23):


# In 1945, Berlin was switched to Moscow Summer time (GMT+4) by


# <a href="http://www.dhm.de/lemo/html/biografien/BersarinNikolai/">


# General [Nikolai] Bersarin</a>.





# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-08):


# <a href="http://www.parlament-berlin.de/pds-fraktion.nsf/727459127c8b66ee8525662300459099/defc77cb784f180ac1256c2b0030274b/$FILE/bersarint.pdf">


# http://www.parlament-berlin.de/pds-fraktion.nsf/727459127c8b66ee8525662300459099/defc77cb784f180ac1256c2b0030274b/$FILE/bersarint.pdf


# </a>


# says that Bersarin issued an order to use Moscow time on May 20.


# However, Moscow did not observe daylight saving in 1945, so


# this was equivalent to CEMT (GMT+3), not GMT+4.








# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S


Rule	Germany	1946	only	-	Apr	14	2:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Germany	1946	only	-	Oct	 7	2:00s	0	-


Rule	Germany	1947	1949	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-


# http://www.ptb.de/de/org/4/44/441/salt.htm says the following transition


# occurred at 3:00 MEZ, not the 2:00 MEZ given in Shanks & Pottenger.


# Go with the PTB.


Rule	Germany	1947	only	-	Apr	 6	3:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Germany	1947	only	-	May	11	2:00s	2:00	M


Rule	Germany	1947	only	-	Jun	29	3:00	1:00	S


Rule	Germany	1948	only	-	Apr	18	2:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Germany	1949	only	-	Apr	10	2:00s	1:00	S





Rule SovietZone	1945	only	-	May	24	2:00	2:00	M # Midsummer


Rule SovietZone	1945	only	-	Sep	24	3:00	1:00	S


Rule SovietZone	1945	only	-	Nov	18	2:00s	0	-





# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]


Zone	Europe/Berlin	0:53:28 -	LMT	1893 Apr


			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 May 24 2:00


			1:00 SovietZone	CE%sT	1946


			1:00	Germany	CE%sT	1980


			1:00	EU	CE%sT





# Georgia


# Please see the "asia" file for Asia/Tbilisi.


# Herodotus (Histories, IV.45) says Georgia north of the Phasis (now Rioni)


# is in Europe.  Our reference location Tbilisi is in the Asian part.





# Gibraltar


# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]


Zone Europe/Gibraltar	-0:21:24 -	LMT	1880 Aug  2 0:00s


			0:00	GB-Eire	%s	1957 Apr 14 2:00


			1:00	-	CET	1982


			1:00	EU	CE%sT





# Greece


# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S


# Whitman gives 1932 Jul 5 - Nov 1; go with Shanks & Pottenger.


Rule	Greece	1932	only	-	Jul	 7	0:00	1:00	S


Rule	Greece	1932	only	-	Sep	 1	0:00	0	-


# Whitman gives 1941 Apr 25 - ?; go with Shanks & Pottenger.


Rule	Greece	1941	only	-	Apr	 7	0:00	1:00	S


# Whitman gives 1942 Feb 2 - ?; go with Shanks & Pottenger.


Rule	Greece	1942	only	-	Nov	 2	3:00	0	-


Rule	Greece	1943	only	-	Mar	30	0:00	1:00	S


Rule	Greece	1943	only	-	Oct	 4	0:00	0	-


# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 3 - Oct 31; go with Shanks & Pottenger.


Rule	Greece	1952	only	-	Jul	 1	0:00	1:00	S


Rule	Greece	1952	only	-	Nov	 2	0:00	0	-


Rule	Greece	1975	only	-	Apr	12	0:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Greece	1975	only	-	Nov	26	0:00s	0	-


Rule	Greece	1976	only	-	Apr	11	2:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Greece	1976	only	-	Oct	10	2:00s	0	-


Rule	Greece	1977	1978	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Greece	1977	only	-	Sep	26	2:00s	0	-


Rule	Greece	1978	only	-	Sep	24	4:00	0	-


Rule	Greece	1979	only	-	Apr	 1	9:00	1:00	S


Rule	Greece	1979	only	-	Sep	29	2:00	0	-


Rule	Greece	1980	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S


Rule	Greece	1980	only	-	Sep	28	0:00	0	-


# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]


Zone	Europe/Athens	1:34:52 -	LMT	1895 Sep 14


			1:34:52	-	AMT	1916 Jul 28 0:01     # Athens MT


			2:00	Greece	EE%sT	1941 Apr 30


			1:00	Greece	CE%sT	1944 Apr  4


			2:00	Greece	EE%sT	1981


			# Shanks & Pottenger say it switched to C-Eur in 1981;


			# go with EU instead, since Greece joined it on Jan 1.


			2:00	EU	EE%sT





# Hungary


# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S


Rule	Hungary	1918	only	-	Apr	 1	 3:00	1:00	S


Rule	Hungary	1918	only	-	Sep	29	 3:00	0	-


Rule	Hungary	1919	only	-	Apr	15	 3:00	1:00	S


Rule	Hungary	1919	only	-	Sep	15	 3:00	0	-


Rule	Hungary	1920	only	-	Apr	 5	 3:00	1:00	S


Rule	Hungary	1920	only	-	Sep	30	 3:00	0	-


Rule	Hungary	1945	only	-	May	 1	23:00	1:00	S


Rule	Hungary	1945	only	-	Nov	 3	 0:00	0	-


Rule	Hungary	1946	only	-	Mar	31	 2:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Hungary	1946	1949	-	Oct	Sun>=1	 2:00s	0	-


Rule	Hungary	1947	1949	-	Apr	Sun>=4	 2:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Hungary	1950	only	-	Apr	17	 2:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Hungary	1950	only	-	Oct	23	 2:00s	0	-


Rule	Hungary	1954	1955	-	May	23	 0:00	1:00	S


Rule	Hungary	1954	1955	-	Oct	 3	 0:00	0	-


Rule	Hungary	1956	only	-	Jun	Sun>=1	 0:00	1:00	S


Rule	Hungary	1956	only	-	Sep	lastSun	 0:00	0	-


Rule	Hungary	1957	only	-	Jun	Sun>=1	 1:00	1:00	S


Rule	Hungary	1957	only	-	Sep	lastSun	 3:00	0	-


Rule	Hungary	1980	only	-	Apr	 6	 1:00	1:00	S


# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]


Zone	Europe/Budapest	1:16:20 -	LMT	1890 Oct


			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1918


			1:00	Hungary	CE%sT	1941 Apr  6  2:00


			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945


			1:00	Hungary	CE%sT	1980 Sep 28  2:00s


			1:00	EU	CE%sT





# Iceland


#


# From Adam David (1993-11-06):


# The name of the timezone in Iceland for system / mail / news purposes is GMT.


#


# (1993-12-05):


# This material is paraphrased from the 1988 edition of the University of


# Iceland Almanak.


#


# From January 1st, 1908 the whole of Iceland was standardised at 1 hour


# behind GMT. Previously, local mean solar time was used in different parts


# of Iceland, the almanak had been based on Reykjavik mean solar time which


# was 1 hour and 28 minutes behind GMT.


#


# "first day of winter" referred to [below] means the first day of the 26 weeks


# of winter, according to the old icelandic calendar that dates back to the


# time the norsemen first settled Iceland.  The first day of winter is always


# Saturday, but is not dependent on the Julian or Gregorian calendars.


#


# (1993-12-10):


# I have a reference from the Oxford Icelandic-English dictionary for the


# beginning of winter, which ties it to the ecclesiastical calendar (and thus


# to the julian/gregorian calendar) over the period in question.


#	the winter begins on the Saturday next before St. Luke's day


#	(old style), or on St. Luke's day, if a Saturday.


# St. Luke's day ought to be traceable from ecclesiastical sources. "old style"


# might be a reference to the Julian calendar as opposed to Gregorian, or it


# might mean something else (???).


#


# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):


# The Iceland Almanak, Shanks & Pottenger, and Whitman disagree on many points.


# We go with the Almanak, except for one claim from Shanks & Pottenger, namely


# that Reykavik was 21W57 from 1837 to 1908, local mean time before that.


#


# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S


Rule	Iceland	1917	1918	-	Feb	19	23:00	1:00	S


Rule	Iceland	1917	only	-	Oct	21	 1:00	0	-


Rule	Iceland	1918	only	-	Nov	16	 1:00	0	-


Rule	Iceland	1939	only	-	Apr	29	23:00	1:00	S


Rule	Iceland	1939	only	-	Nov	29	 2:00	0	-


Rule	Iceland	1940	only	-	Feb	25	 2:00	1:00	S


Rule	Iceland	1940	only	-	Nov	 3	 2:00	0	-


Rule	Iceland	1941	only	-	Mar	 2	 1:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Iceland	1941	only	-	Nov	 2	 1:00s	0	-


Rule	Iceland	1942	only	-	Mar	 8	 1:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Iceland	1942	only	-	Oct	25	 1:00s	0	-


# 1943-1946 - first Sunday in March until first Sunday in winter


Rule	Iceland	1943	1946	-	Mar	Sun>=1	 1:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Iceland	1943	1948	-	Oct	Sun>=22	 1:00s	0	-


# 1947-1967 - first Sunday in April until first Sunday in winter


Rule	Iceland	1947	1967	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 1:00s	1:00	S


# 1949 Oct transition delayed by 1 week


Rule	Iceland	1949	only	-	Oct	30	 1:00s	0	-


Rule	Iceland	1950	1966	-	Oct	Sun>=22	 1:00s	0	-


Rule	Iceland	1967	only	-	Oct	29	 1:00s	0	-


# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]


Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik	-1:27:24 -	LMT	1837


			-1:27:48 -	RMT	1908 # Reykjavik Mean Time?


			-1:00	Iceland	IS%sT	1968 Apr 7 1:00s


			 0:00	-	GMT





# Italy


#


# From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06):


# Sicily and Sardinia each had their own time zones from 1866 to 1893,


# called Palermo Time (+00:53:28) and Cagliari Time (+00:36:32).


# During World War II, German-controlled Italy used German time.


# But these events all occurred before the 1970 cutoff,


# so record only the time in Rome.


#


# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):


# For Italian DST we have three sources: Shanks & Pottenger, Whitman, and


# F. Pollastri


# <a href="http://toi.iriti.cnr.it/uk/ienitlt.html">


# Day-light Saving Time in Italy (2006-02-03)


# </a>


# (`FP' below), taken from an Italian National Electrotechnical Institute


# publication. When the three sources disagree, guess who's right, as follows:


#


# year	FP	Shanks&P. (S)	Whitman (W)	Go with:


# 1916	06-03	06-03 24:00	06-03 00:00	FP & W


#	09-30	09-30 24:00	09-30 01:00	FP; guess 24:00s


# 1917	04-01	03-31 24:00	03-31 00:00	FP & S


#	09-30	09-29 24:00	09-30 01:00	FP & W


# 1918	03-09	03-09 24:00	03-09 00:00	FP & S


#	10-06	10-05 24:00	10-06 01:00	FP & W


# 1919	03-01	03-01 24:00	03-01 00:00	FP & S


#	10-04	10-04 24:00	10-04 01:00	FP; guess 24:00s


# 1920	03-20	03-20 24:00	03-20 00:00	FP & S


#	09-18	09-18 24:00	10-01 01:00	FP; guess 24:00s


# 1944	04-02	04-03 02:00			S (see C-Eur)


#	09-16	10-02 03:00			FP; guess 24:00s


# 1945	09-14	09-16 24:00			FP; guess 24:00s


# 1970	05-21	05-31 00:00			S


#	09-20	09-27 00:00			S


#


# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S


Rule	Italy	1916	only	-	Jun	 3	0:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Italy	1916	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00s	0	-


Rule	Italy	1917	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Italy	1917	only	-	Sep	30	0:00s	0	-


Rule	Italy	1918	only	-	Mar	10	0:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Italy	1918	1919	-	Oct	Sun>=1	0:00s	0	-


Rule	Italy	1919	only	-	Mar	 2	0:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Italy	1920	only	-	Mar	21	0:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Italy	1920	only	-	Sep	19	0:00s	0	-


Rule	Italy	1940	only	-	Jun	15	0:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Italy	1944	only	-	Sep	17	0:00s	0	-


Rule	Italy	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	2:00	1:00	S


Rule	Italy	1945	only	-	Sep	15	0:00s	0	-


Rule	Italy	1946	only	-	Mar	17	2:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Italy	1946	only	-	Oct	 6	2:00s	0	-


Rule	Italy	1947	only	-	Mar	16	0:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Italy	1947	only	-	Oct	 5	0:00s	0	-


Rule	Italy	1948	only	-	Feb	29	2:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Italy	1948	only	-	Oct	 3	2:00s	0	-


Rule	Italy	1966	1968	-	May	Sun>=22	0:00	1:00	S


Rule	Italy	1966	1969	-	Sep	Sun>=22	0:00	0	-


Rule	Italy	1969	only	-	Jun	 1	0:00	1:00	S


Rule	Italy	1970	only	-	May	31	0:00	1:00	S


Rule	Italy	1970	only	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	-


Rule	Italy	1971	1972	-	May	Sun>=22	0:00	1:00	S


Rule	Italy	1971	only	-	Sep	lastSun	1:00	0	-


Rule	Italy	1972	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-


Rule	Italy	1973	only	-	Jun	 3	0:00	1:00	S


Rule	Italy	1973	1974	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	-


Rule	Italy	1974	only	-	May	26	0:00	1:00	S


Rule	Italy	1975	only	-	Jun	 1	0:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Italy	1975	1977	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00s	0	-


Rule	Italy	1976	only	-	May	30	0:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Italy	1977	1979	-	May	Sun>=22	0:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Italy	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00s	0	-


Rule	Italy	1979	only	-	Sep	30	0:00s	0	-


# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]


Zone	Europe/Rome	0:49:56 -	LMT	1866 Sep 22


			0:49:56	-	RMT	1893 Nov  1 0:00s # Rome Mean


			1:00	Italy	CE%sT	1942 Nov  2 2:00s


			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Jul


			1:00	Italy	CE%sT	1980


			1:00	EU	CE%sT





Link	Europe/Rome	Europe/Vatican


Link	Europe/Rome	Europe/San_Marino





# Latvia





# From Liene Kanepe (1998-09-17):





# I asked about this matter Scientific Secretary of the Institute of Astronomy


# of The University of Latvia Dr. paed Mr. Ilgonis Vilks. I also searched the


# correct data in juridical acts and I found some juridical documents about


# changes in the counting of time in Latvia from 1981....


#


# Act No.35 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1981-01-22 ...


# according to the Act No.925 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1980-10-24


# ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning


# the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on 1 April at 00:00 (GMT 31 March 21:00)


# and 1 hour backward on the 1 October at 00:00 (GMT 30 September 20:00).


#


# Act No.592 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1984-09-24 ...


# according to the Act No.967 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1984-09-13


# ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning


# the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on the last Sunday of March at 02:00


# (GMT 23:00 on the previous day) and 1 hour backward on the last Sunday of


# September at 03:00 (GMT 23:00 on the previous day).


#


# Act No.81 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1989-03-22 ...


# according to the Act No.227 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1989-03-14


# ...: since the last Sunday of March 1989 in Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR,


# Estonian SSR and Kaliningrad region of Russian Federation all year round the


# time of 2nd time zone (Moscow time minus one hour). On the territory of Latvia


# transition to summer time is performed on the last Sunday of March at 02:00


# (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour forward.  The end of


# daylight saving time is performed on the last Sunday of September at 03:00


# (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour backward. Exception is


# 1989-03-26, when we must not turn the hands of the clock....


#


# The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Latvia of


# 1997-01-21 on transition to Summer time ... established the same order of


# daylight savings time settings as in the States of the European Union.





# From Andrei Ivanov (2000-03-06):


# This year Latvia will not switch to Daylight Savings Time (as specified in


# <a href="http://www.lv-laiks.lv/wwwraksti/2000/071072/vd4.htm">


# The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Rep. of Latvia of


# 29-Feb-2000 (#79)</a>, in Latvian for subscribers only).





# <a href="http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2001/01/3-CEE/cee-030101.html">


# From RFE/RL Newsline (2001-01-03), noted after a heads-up by Rives McDow:


# </a>


# The Latvian government on 2 January decided that the country will


# institute daylight-saving time this spring, LETA reported.


# Last February the three Baltic states decided not to turn back their


# clocks one hour in the spring....


# Minister of Economy Aigars Kalvitis noted that Latvia had too few


# daylight hours and thus decided to comply with a draft European


# Commission directive that provides for instituting daylight-saving


# time in EU countries between 2002 and 2006. The Latvian government


# urged Lithuania and Estonia to adopt a similar time policy, but it


# appears that they will not do so....





# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S


Rule	Latvia	1989	1996	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Latvia	1989	1996	-	Sep	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-


# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]


Zone	Europe/Riga	1:36:24	-	LMT	1880


			1:36:24	-	RMT	1918 Apr 15 2:00 #Riga Mean Time


			1:36:24	1:00	LST	1918 Sep 16 3:00 #Latvian Summer


			1:36:24	-	RMT	1919 Apr  1 2:00


			1:36:24	1:00	LST	1919 May 22 3:00


			1:36:24	-	RMT	1926 May 11


			2:00	-	EET	1940 Aug  5


			3:00	-	MSK	1941 Jul


			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Oct 13


			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1989 Mar lastSun 2:00s


			2:00	1:00	EEST	1989 Sep lastSun 2:00s


			2:00	Latvia	EE%sT	1997 Jan 21


			2:00	EU	EE%sT	2000 Feb 29


			2:00	-	EET	2001 Jan  2


			2:00	EU	EE%sT





# Liechtenstein


# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]


Zone	Europe/Vaduz	0:38:04 -	LMT	1894 Jun


			1:00	-	CET	1981


			1:00	EU	CE%sT





# Lithuania





# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):


# IATA SSIM (1992/1996) says Lithuania uses W-Eur rules, but since it is


# known to be wrong about Estonia and Latvia, assume it's wrong here too.





# From Marius Gedminas (1998-08-07):


# I would like to inform that in this year Lithuanian time zone


# (Europe/Vilnius) was changed.





# From <a href="http://www.elta.lt/">ELTA</a> No. 972 (2582) (1999-09-29),


# via Steffen Thorsen:


# Lithuania has shifted back to the second time zone (GMT plus two hours)


# to be valid here starting from October 31,


# as decided by the national government on Wednesday....


# The Lithuanian government also announced plans to consider a


# motion to give up shifting to summer time in spring, as it was


# already done by Estonia.





# From the <a href="http://www.tourism.lt/informa/ff.htm">


# Fact File, Lithuanian State Department of Tourism


# </a> (2000-03-27): Local time is GMT+2 hours ..., no daylight saving.





# From a user via Klaus Marten (2003-02-07):


# As a candidate for membership of the European Union, Lithuania will


# observe Summer Time in 2003, changing its clocks at the times laid


# down in EU Directive 2000/84 of 19.I.01 (i.e. at the same times as its


# neighbour Latvia). The text of the Lithuanian government Order of


# 7.XI.02 to this effect can be found at


# http://www.lrvk.lt/nut/11/n1749.htm








# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]


Zone	Europe/Vilnius	1:41:16	-	LMT	1880


			1:24:00	-	WMT	1917	    # Warsaw Mean Time


			1:35:36	-	KMT	1919 Oct 10 # Kaunas Mean Time


			1:00	-	CET	1920 Jul 12


			2:00	-	EET	1920 Oct  9


			1:00	-	CET	1940 Aug  3


			3:00	-	MSK	1941 Jun 24


			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Aug


			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1991 Mar 31 2:00s


			2:00	1:00	EEST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s


			2:00	C-Eur	EE%sT	1998


			2:00	-	EET	1998 Mar 29 1:00u


			1:00	EU	CE%sT	1999 Oct 31 1:00u


			2:00	-	EET	2003 Jan  1


			2:00	EU	EE%sT





# Luxembourg


# Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways;


# go with Shanks & Pottenger.


# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S


Rule	Lux	1916	only	-	May	14	23:00	1:00	S


Rule	Lux	1916	only	-	Oct	 1	 1:00	0	-


Rule	Lux	1917	only	-	Apr	28	23:00	1:00	S


Rule	Lux	1917	only	-	Sep	17	 1:00	0	-


Rule	Lux	1918	only	-	Apr	Mon>=15	 2:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Lux	1918	only	-	Sep	Mon>=15	 2:00s	0	-


Rule	Lux	1919	only	-	Mar	 1	23:00	1:00	S


Rule	Lux	1919	only	-	Oct	 5	 3:00	0	-


Rule	Lux	1920	only	-	Feb	14	23:00	1:00	S


Rule	Lux	1920	only	-	Oct	24	 2:00	0	-


Rule	Lux	1921	only	-	Mar	14	23:00	1:00	S


Rule	Lux	1921	only	-	Oct	26	 2:00	0	-


Rule	Lux	1922	only	-	Mar	25	23:00	1:00	S


Rule	Lux	1922	only	-	Oct	Sun>=2	 1:00	0	-


Rule	Lux	1923	only	-	Apr	21	23:00	1:00	S


Rule	Lux	1923	only	-	Oct	Sun>=2	 2:00	0	-


Rule	Lux	1924	only	-	Mar	29	23:00	1:00	S


Rule	Lux	1924	1928	-	Oct	Sun>=2	 1:00	0	-


Rule	Lux	1925	only	-	Apr	 5	23:00	1:00	S


Rule	Lux	1926	only	-	Apr	17	23:00	1:00	S


Rule	Lux	1927	only	-	Apr	 9	23:00	1:00	S


Rule	Lux	1928	only	-	Apr	14	23:00	1:00	S


Rule	Lux	1929	only	-	Apr	20	23:00	1:00	S


# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]


Zone Europe/Luxembourg	0:24:36 -	LMT	1904 Jun


			1:00	Lux	CE%sT	1918 Nov 25


			0:00	Lux	WE%sT	1929 Oct  6 2:00s


			0:00	Belgium	WE%sT	1940 May 14 3:00


			1:00	C-Eur	WE%sT	1944 Sep 18 3:00


			1:00	Belgium	CE%sT	1977


			1:00	EU	CE%sT





# Macedonia


# see Serbia





# Malta


# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S


Rule	Malta	1973	only	-	Mar	31	0:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Malta	1973	only	-	Sep	29	0:00s	0	-


Rule	Malta	1974	only	-	Apr	21	0:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Malta	1974	only	-	Sep	16	0:00s	0	-


Rule	Malta	1975	1979	-	Apr	Sun>=15	2:00	1:00	S


Rule	Malta	1975	1980	-	Sep	Sun>=15	2:00	0	-


Rule	Malta	1980	only	-	Mar	31	2:00	1:00	S


# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]


Zone	Europe/Malta	0:58:04 -	LMT	1893 Nov  2 0:00s # Valletta


			1:00	Italy	CE%sT	1942 Nov  2 2:00s


			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 Apr  2 2:00s


			1:00	Italy	CE%sT	1973 Mar 31


			1:00	Malta	CE%sT	1981


			1:00	EU	CE%sT





# Moldova





# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):


# A previous version of this database followed Shanks & Pottenger, who write


# that Tiraspol switched to Moscow time on 1992-01-19 at 02:00.


# However, this is most likely an error, as Moldova declared independence


# on 1991-08-27 (the 1992-01-19 date is that of a Russian decree).


# In early 1992 there was large-scale interethnic violence in the area


# and it's possible that some Russophones continued to observe Moscow time.


# But [two people] separately reported via


# Jesper Norgaard that as of 2001-01-24 Tiraspol was like Chisinau.


# The Tiraspol entry has therefore been removed for now.


#


# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-10-17):


# Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (PMR, also known as


# "Pridnestrovie") has abolished seasonal clock change (no transition


# to the Winter Time).


#


# News (in Russian):


# <a href="http://www.kyivpost.ua/russia/news/pridnestrove-otkazalos-ot-perehoda-na-zimnee-vremya-30954.html">


# http://www.kyivpost.ua/russia/news/pridnestrove-otkazalos-ot-perehoda-na-zimnee-vremya-30954.html


# </a>


#


# <a href="http://www.allmoldova.com/moldova-news/1249064116.html">


# http://www.allmoldova.com/moldova-news/1249064116.html


# </a>


#


# The substance of this change (reinstatement of the Tiraspol entry)


# is from a patch from Petr Machata (2011-10-17)


#


# From Tim Parenti (2011-10-19)


# In addition, being situated at +4651+2938 would give Tiraspol


# a pre-1880 LMT offset of 1:58:32.


#


# (which agrees with the earlier entry that had been removed)


#


# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-10-26)


# NO need to divide Moldova into two timezones at this point.


# As of today, Transnistria (Pridnestrovie)- Tiraspol reversed its own


# decision to abolish DST this winter.


# Following Moldova and neighboring Ukraine- Transnistria (Pridnestrovie)-


# Tiraspol will go back to winter time on October 30, 2011.


# News from Moldova (in russian):


# <a href="http://ru.publika.md/link_317061.html">


# http://ru.publika.md/link_317061.html


# </a>








# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]


Zone	Europe/Chisinau	1:55:20 -	LMT	1880


			1:55	-	CMT	1918 Feb 15 # Chisinau MT


			1:44:24	-	BMT	1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT


			2:00	Romania	EE%sT	1940 Aug 15


			2:00	1:00	EEST	1941 Jul 17


			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Aug 24


			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1990


			3:00	-	MSK	1990 May 6


			2:00	-	EET	1991


			2:00	Russia	EE%sT	1992


			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT	1997


# See Romania commentary for the guessed 1997 transition to EU rules.


			2:00	EU	EE%sT





# Monaco


# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's


# more precise 0:09:21.


# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]


Zone	Europe/Monaco	0:29:32 -	LMT	1891 Mar 15


			0:09:21	-	PMT	1911 Mar 11    # Paris Mean Time


			0:00	France	WE%sT	1945 Sep 16 3:00


			1:00	France	CE%sT	1977


			1:00	EU	CE%sT





# Montenegro


# see Serbia





# Netherlands





# Howse writes that the Netherlands' railways used GMT between 1892 and 1940,


# but for other purposes the Netherlands used Amsterdam mean time.





# However, Robert H. van Gent writes (2001-04-01):


# Howse's statement is only correct up to 1909. From 1909-05-01 (00:00:00


# Amsterdam mean time) onwards, the whole of the Netherlands (including


# the Dutch railways) was required by law to observe Amsterdam mean time


# (19 minutes 32.13 seconds ahead of GMT). This had already been the


# common practice (except for the railways) for many decades but it was


# not until 1909 when the Dutch government finally defined this by law.


# On 1937-07-01 this was changed to 20 minutes (exactly) ahead of GMT and


# was generally known as Dutch Time ("Nederlandse Tijd").


#


# (2001-04-08):


# 1892-05-01 was the date when the Dutch railways were by law required to


# observe GMT while the remainder of the Netherlands adhered to the common


# practice of following Amsterdam mean time.


#


# (2001-04-09):


# In 1835 the authorities of the province of North Holland requested the


# municipal authorities of the towns and cities in the province to observe


# Amsterdam mean time but I do not know in how many cases this request was


# actually followed.


#


# From 1852 onwards the Dutch telegraph offices were by law required to


# observe Amsterdam mean time. As the time signals from the observatory of


# Leiden were also distributed by the telegraph system, I assume that most


# places linked up with the telegraph (and railway) system automatically


# adopted Amsterdam mean time.


#


# Although the early Dutch railway companies initially observed a variety


# of times, most of them had adopted Amsterdam mean time by 1858 but it


# was not until 1866 when they were all required by law to observe


# Amsterdam mean time.





# The data before 1945 are taken from


# <http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/wettijd/wettijd.htm>.





# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S


Rule	Neth	1916	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	NST	# Netherlands Summer Time


Rule	Neth	1916	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	AMT	# Amsterdam Mean Time


Rule	Neth	1917	only	-	Apr	16	2:00s	1:00	NST


Rule	Neth	1917	only	-	Sep	17	2:00s	0	AMT


Rule	Neth	1918	1921	-	Apr	Mon>=1	2:00s	1:00	NST


Rule	Neth	1918	1921	-	Sep	lastMon	2:00s	0	AMT


Rule	Neth	1922	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	NST


Rule	Neth	1922	1936	-	Oct	Sun>=2	2:00s	0	AMT


Rule	Neth	1923	only	-	Jun	Fri>=1	2:00s	1:00	NST


Rule	Neth	1924	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	NST


Rule	Neth	1925	only	-	Jun	Fri>=1	2:00s	1:00	NST


# From 1926 through 1939 DST began 05-15, except that it was delayed by a week


# in years when 05-15 fell in the Pentecost weekend.


Rule	Neth	1926	1931	-	May	15	2:00s	1:00	NST


Rule	Neth	1932	only	-	May	22	2:00s	1:00	NST


Rule	Neth	1933	1936	-	May	15	2:00s	1:00	NST


Rule	Neth	1937	only	-	May	22	2:00s	1:00	NST


Rule	Neth	1937	only	-	Jul	 1	0:00	1:00	S


Rule	Neth	1937	1939	-	Oct	Sun>=2	2:00s	0	-


Rule	Neth	1938	1939	-	May	15	2:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Neth	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	2:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Neth	1945	only	-	Sep	16	2:00s	0	-


#


# Amsterdam Mean Time was +00:19:32.13 exactly, but the .13 is omitted


# below because the current format requires GMTOFF to be an integer.


# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]


Zone Europe/Amsterdam	0:19:32 -	LMT	1835


			0:19:32	Neth	%s	1937 Jul  1


			0:20	Neth	NE%sT	1940 May 16 0:00 # Dutch Time


			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 Apr  2 2:00


			1:00	Neth	CE%sT	1977


			1:00	EU	CE%sT





# Norway


# http://met.no/met/met_lex/q_u/sommertid.html (2004-01) agrees with Shanks &


# Pottenger.


# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S


Rule	Norway	1916	only	-	May	22	1:00	1:00	S


Rule	Norway	1916	only	-	Sep	30	0:00	0	-


Rule	Norway	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	2:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Norway	1945	only	-	Oct	 1	2:00s	0	-


Rule	Norway	1959	1964	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Norway	1959	1965	-	Sep	Sun>=15	2:00s	0	-


Rule	Norway	1965	only	-	Apr	25	2:00s	1:00	S


# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]


Zone	Europe/Oslo	0:43:00 -	LMT	1895 Jan  1


			1:00	Norway	CE%sT	1940 Aug 10 23:00


			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 Apr  2  2:00


			1:00	Norway	CE%sT	1980


			1:00	EU	CE%sT





# Svalbard & Jan Mayen





# From Steffen Thorsen (2001-05-01):


# Although I could not find it explicitly, it seems that Jan Mayen and


# Svalbard have been using the same time as Norway at least since the


# time they were declared as parts of Norway.  Svalbard was declared


# as a part of Norway by law of 1925-07-17 no 11, section 4 and Jan


# Mayen by law of 1930-02-27 no 2, section 2. (From


# http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19250717-011.html and


# http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19300227-002.html).  The law/regulation


# for normal/standard time in Norway is from 1894-06-29 no 1 (came


# into operation on 1895-01-01) and Svalbard/Jan Mayen seem to be a


# part of this law since 1925/1930. (From


# http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-18940629-001.html ) I have not been


# able to find if Jan Mayen used a different time zone (e.g. -0100)


# before 1930. Jan Mayen has only been "inhabitated" since 1921 by


# Norwegian meteorologists and maybe used the same time as Norway ever


# since 1921.  Svalbard (Arctic/Longyearbyen) has been inhabited since


# before 1895, and therefore probably changed the local time somewhere


# between 1895 and 1925 (inclusive).





# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-01):


#


# Actually, Jan Mayen was never occupied by Germany during World War II,


# so it must have diverged from Oslo time during the war, as Oslo was


# keeping Berlin time.


#


# <http://home.no.net/janmayen/history.htm> says that the meteorologists


# burned down their station in 1940 and left the island, but returned in


# 1941 with a small Norwegian garrison and continued operations despite


# frequent air ttacks from Germans.  In 1943 the Americans established a


# radiolocating station on the island, called "Atlantic City".  Possibly


# the UTC offset changed during the war, but I think it unlikely that


# Jan Mayen used German daylight-saving rules.


#


# Svalbard is more complicated, as it was raided in August 1941 by an


# Allied party that evacuated the civilian population to England (says


# <http://www.bartleby.com/65/sv/Svalbard.html>).  The Svalbard FAQ


# <http://www.svalbard.com/SvalbardFAQ.html> says that the Germans were


# expelled on 1942-05-14.  However, small parties of Germans did return,


# and according to Wilhelm Dege's book "War North of 80" (1954)


# <http://www.ucalgary.ca/UofC/departments/UP/1-55238/1-55238-110-2.html>


# the German armed forces at the Svalbard weather station code-named


# Haudegen did not surrender to the Allies until September 1945.


#


# All these events predate our cutoff date of 1970.  Unless we can


# come up with more definitive info about the timekeeping during the


# war years it's probably best just do...the following for now:


Link	Europe/Oslo	Arctic/Longyearbyen





# Poland


# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S


Rule	Poland	1918	1919	-	Sep	16	2:00s	0	-


Rule	Poland	1919	only	-	Apr	15	2:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Poland	1944	only	-	Apr	 3	2:00s	1:00	S


# Whitman gives 1944 Nov 30; go with Shanks & Pottenger.


Rule	Poland	1944	only	-	Oct	 4	2:00	0	-


# For 1944-1948 Whitman gives the previous day; go with Shanks & Pottenger.


Rule	Poland	1945	only	-	Apr	29	0:00	1:00	S


Rule	Poland	1945	only	-	Nov	 1	0:00	0	-


# For 1946 on the source is Kazimierz Borkowski,


# Torun Center for Astronomy, Dept. of Radio Astronomy, Nicolaus Copernicus U.,


# <http://www.astro.uni.torun.pl/~kb/Artykuly/U-PA/Czas2.htm#tth_tAb1>


# Thanks to Przemyslaw Augustyniak (2005-05-28) for this reference.


# He also gives these further references:


# Mon Pol nr 13, poz 162 (1995) <http://www.abc.com.pl/serwis/mp/1995/0162.htm>


# Druk nr 2180 (2003) <http://www.senat.gov.pl/k5/dok/sejm/053/2180.pdf>


Rule	Poland	1946	only	-	Apr	14	0:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Poland	1946	only	-	Oct	 7	2:00s	0	-


Rule	Poland	1947	only	-	May	 4	2:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Poland	1947	1949	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-


Rule	Poland	1948	only	-	Apr	18	2:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Poland	1949	only	-	Apr	10	2:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Poland	1957	only	-	Jun	 2	1:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Poland	1957	1958	-	Sep	lastSun	1:00s	0	-


Rule	Poland	1958	only	-	Mar	30	1:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Poland	1959	only	-	May	31	1:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Poland	1959	1961	-	Oct	Sun>=1	1:00s	0	-


Rule	Poland	1960	only	-	Apr	 3	1:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Poland	1961	1964	-	May	lastSun	1:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Poland	1962	1964	-	Sep	lastSun	1:00s	0	-


# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]


Zone	Europe/Warsaw	1:24:00 -	LMT	1880


			1:24:00	-	WMT	1915 Aug  5   # Warsaw Mean Time


			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1918 Sep 16 3:00


			2:00	Poland	EE%sT	1922 Jun


			1:00	Poland	CE%sT	1940 Jun 23 2:00


			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Oct


			1:00	Poland	CE%sT	1977


			1:00	W-Eur	CE%sT	1988


			1:00	EU	CE%sT





# Portugal


#


# From Rui Pedro Salgueiro (1992-11-12):


# Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone


# (from WET to MET or CET) to harmonize with EEC.


#


# Martin Bruckmann (1996-02-29) reports via Peter Ilieve


# that Portugal is reverting to 0:00 by not moving its clocks this spring.


# The new Prime Minister was fed up with getting up in the dark in the winter.


#


# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-12):


# IATA SSIM (1991-09) reports several 1991-09 and 1992-09 transitions


# at 02:00u, not 01:00u.  Assume that these are typos.


# IATA SSIM (1991/1992) reports that the Azores were at -1:00.


# IATA SSIM (1993-02) says +0:00; later issues (through 1996-09) say -1:00.


# Guess that the Azores changed to EU rules in 1992 (since that's when Portugal


# harmonized with the EU), and that they stayed +0:00 that winter.


#


# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S


# DSH writes that despite Decree 1,469 (1915), the change to the clocks was not


# done every year, depending on what Spain did, because of railroad schedules.


# Go with Shanks & Pottenger.


Rule	Port	1916	only	-	Jun	17	23:00	1:00	S


# Whitman gives 1916 Oct 31; go with Shanks & Pottenger.


Rule	Port	1916	only	-	Nov	 1	 1:00	0	-


Rule	Port	1917	only	-	Feb	28	23:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Port	1917	1921	-	Oct	14	23:00s	0	-


Rule	Port	1918	only	-	Mar	 1	23:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Port	1919	only	-	Feb	28	23:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Port	1920	only	-	Feb	29	23:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Port	1921	only	-	Feb	28	23:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Port	1924	only	-	Apr	16	23:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Port	1924	only	-	Oct	14	23:00s	0	-


Rule	Port	1926	only	-	Apr	17	23:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Port	1926	1929	-	Oct	Sat>=1	23:00s	0	-


Rule	Port	1927	only	-	Apr	 9	23:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Port	1928	only	-	Apr	14	23:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Port	1929	only	-	Apr	20	23:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Port	1931	only	-	Apr	18	23:00s	1:00	S


# Whitman gives 1931 Oct 8; go with Shanks & Pottenger.


Rule	Port	1931	1932	-	Oct	Sat>=1	23:00s	0	-


Rule	Port	1932	only	-	Apr	 2	23:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Port	1934	only	-	Apr	 7	23:00s	1:00	S


# Whitman gives 1934 Oct 5; go with Shanks & Pottenger.


Rule	Port	1934	1938	-	Oct	Sat>=1	23:00s	0	-


# Shanks & Pottenger give 1935 Apr 30; go with Whitman.


Rule	Port	1935	only	-	Mar	30	23:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Port	1936	only	-	Apr	18	23:00s	1:00	S


# Whitman gives 1937 Apr 2; go with Shanks & Pottenger.


Rule	Port	1937	only	-	Apr	 3	23:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Port	1938	only	-	Mar	26	23:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Port	1939	only	-	Apr	15	23:00s	1:00	S


# Whitman gives 1939 Oct 7; go with Shanks & Pottenger.


Rule	Port	1939	only	-	Nov	18	23:00s	0	-


Rule	Port	1940	only	-	Feb	24	23:00s	1:00	S


# Shanks & Pottenger give 1940 Oct 7; go with Whitman.


Rule	Port	1940	1941	-	Oct	 5	23:00s	0	-


Rule	Port	1941	only	-	Apr	 5	23:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Port	1942	1945	-	Mar	Sat>=8	23:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Port	1942	only	-	Apr	25	22:00s	2:00	M # Midsummer


Rule	Port	1942	only	-	Aug	15	22:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Port	1942	1945	-	Oct	Sat>=24	23:00s	0	-


Rule	Port	1943	only	-	Apr	17	22:00s	2:00	M


Rule	Port	1943	1945	-	Aug	Sat>=25	22:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Port	1944	1945	-	Apr	Sat>=21	22:00s	2:00	M


Rule	Port	1946	only	-	Apr	Sat>=1	23:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Port	1946	only	-	Oct	Sat>=1	23:00s	0	-


Rule	Port	1947	1949	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 2:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Port	1947	1949	-	Oct	Sun>=1	 2:00s	0	-


# Shanks & Pottenger say DST was observed in 1950; go with Whitman.


# Whitman gives Oct lastSun for 1952 on; go with Shanks & Pottenger.


Rule	Port	1951	1965	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 2:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Port	1951	1965	-	Oct	Sun>=1	 2:00s	0	-


Rule	Port	1977	only	-	Mar	27	 0:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Port	1977	only	-	Sep	25	 0:00s	0	-


Rule	Port	1978	1979	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 0:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Port	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00s	0	-


Rule	Port	1979	1982	-	Sep	lastSun	 1:00s	0	-


Rule	Port	1980	only	-	Mar	lastSun	 0:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Port	1981	1982	-	Mar	lastSun	 1:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Port	1983	only	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	S


# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]


# Shanks & Pottenger say the transition from LMT to WET occurred 1911-05-24;


# Willett says 1912-01-01.  Go with Willett.


Zone	Europe/Lisbon	-0:36:32 -	LMT	1884


			-0:36:32 -	LMT	1912 Jan  1  # Lisbon Mean Time


			 0:00	Port	WE%sT	1966 Apr  3 2:00


			 1:00	-	CET	1976 Sep 26 1:00


			 0:00	Port	WE%sT	1983 Sep 25 1:00s


			 0:00	W-Eur	WE%sT	1992 Sep 27 1:00s


			 1:00	EU	CE%sT	1996 Mar 31 1:00u


			 0:00	EU	WE%sT


Zone Atlantic/Azores	-1:42:40 -	LMT	1884		# Ponta Delgada


			-1:54:32 -	HMT	1911 May 24  # Horta Mean Time


			-2:00	Port	AZO%sT	1966 Apr  3 2:00 # Azores Time


			-1:00	Port	AZO%sT	1983 Sep 25 1:00s


			-1:00	W-Eur	AZO%sT	1992 Sep 27 1:00s


			 0:00	EU	WE%sT	1993 Mar 28 1:00u


			-1:00	EU	AZO%sT


Zone Atlantic/Madeira	-1:07:36 -	LMT	1884		# Funchal


			-1:07:36 -	FMT	1911 May 24  # Funchal Mean Time


			-1:00	Port	MAD%sT	1966 Apr  3 2:00 # Madeira Time


			 0:00	Port	WE%sT	1983 Sep 25 1:00s


			 0:00	EU	WE%sT





# Romania


#


# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-07):


# <a href="http://www.nineoclock.ro/POL/1778pol.html">


# Nine O'clock</a> (1998-10-23) reports that the switch occurred at


# 04:00 local time in fall 1998.  For lack of better info,


# assume that Romania and Moldova switched to EU rules in 1997,


# the same year as Bulgaria.


#


# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S


Rule	Romania	1932	only	-	May	21	 0:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Romania	1932	1939	-	Oct	Sun>=1	 0:00s	0	-


Rule	Romania	1933	1939	-	Apr	Sun>=2	 0:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Romania	1979	only	-	May	27	 0:00	1:00	S


Rule	Romania	1979	only	-	Sep	lastSun	 0:00	0	-


Rule	Romania	1980	only	-	Apr	 5	23:00	1:00	S


Rule	Romania	1980	only	-	Sep	lastSun	 1:00	0	-


Rule	Romania	1991	1993	-	Mar	lastSun	 0:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Romania	1991	1993	-	Sep	lastSun	 0:00s	0	-


# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]


Zone Europe/Bucharest	1:44:24 -	LMT	1891 Oct


			1:44:24	-	BMT	1931 Jul 24	# Bucharest MT


			2:00	Romania	EE%sT	1981 Mar 29 2:00s


			2:00	C-Eur	EE%sT	1991


			2:00	Romania	EE%sT	1994


			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT	1997


			2:00	EU	EE%sT





# Russia





# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):


# Except for Moscow after 1919-07-01, I invented the time zone abbreviations.


# Moscow time zone abbreviations after 1919-07-01, and Moscow rules after 1991,


# are from Andrey A. Chernov.  The rest is from Shanks & Pottenger,


# except we follow Chernov's report that 1992 DST transitions were Sat


# 23:00, not Sun 02:00s.


#


# From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski (1994-06-29):


# But now it is some months since Novosibirsk is 3 hours ahead of Moscow!


# I do not know why they have decided to make this change;


# as far as I remember it was done exactly during winter->summer switching


# so we (Novosibirsk) simply did not switch.


#


# From Andrey A. Chernov (1996-10-04):


# `MSK' and `MSD' were born and used initially on Moscow computers with


# UNIX-like OSes by several developer groups (e.g. Demos group, Kiae group)....


# The next step was the UUCP network, the Relcom predecessor


# (used mainly for mail), and MSK/MSD was actively used there.


#


# From Chris Carrier (1996-10-30):


# According to a friend of mine who rode the Trans-Siberian Railroad from


# Moscow to Irkutsk in 1995, public air and rail transport in Russia ...


# still follows Moscow time, no matter where in Russia it is located.


#


# For Grozny, Chechnya, we have the following story from


# John Daniszewski, "Scavengers in the Rubble", Los Angeles Times (2001-02-07):


# News--often false--is spread by word of mouth.  A rumor that it was


# time to move the clocks back put this whole city out of sync with


# the rest of Russia for two weeks--even soldiers stationed here began


# enforcing curfew at the wrong time.


#


# From Gwillim Law (2001-06-05):


# There's considerable evidence that Sakhalin Island used to be in


# UTC+11, and has changed to UTC+10, in this decade.  I start with the


# SSIM, which listed Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk in zone RU10 along with Magadan


# until February 1997, and then in RU9 with Khabarovsk and Vladivostok


# since September 1997....  Although the Kuril Islands are


# administratively part of Sakhalin oblast', they appear to have


# remained on UTC+11 along with Magadan.


#


# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]


#


# Kaliningradskaya oblast'.


Zone Europe/Kaliningrad	 1:22:00 -	LMT	1893 Apr


			 1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945


			 2:00	Poland	CE%sT	1946


			 3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1991 Mar 31 2:00s


			 2:00	Russia	EE%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s


			 3:00	-	FET # Further-eastern European Time


#


# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]


# Respublika Adygeya, Arkhangel'skaya oblast',


# Belgorodskaya oblast', Bryanskaya oblast', Vladimirskaya oblast',


# Vologodskaya oblast', Voronezhskaya oblast',


# Respublika Dagestan, Ivanovskaya oblast', Respublika Ingushetiya,


# Kabarbino-Balkarskaya Respublika, Respublika Kalmykiya,


# Kalyzhskaya oblast', Respublika Karachaevo-Cherkessiya,


# Respublika Kareliya, Respublika Komi,


# Kostromskaya oblast', Krasnodarskij kraj, Kurskaya oblast',


# Leningradskaya oblast', Lipetskaya oblast', Respublika Marij El,


# Respublika Mordoviya, Moskva, Moskovskaya oblast',


# Murmanskaya oblast', Nenetskij avtonomnyj okrug,


# Nizhegorodskaya oblast', Novgorodskaya oblast', Orlovskaya oblast',


# Penzenskaya oblast', Pskovskaya oblast', Rostovskaya oblast',


# Ryazanskaya oblast', Sankt-Peterburg,


# Respublika Severnaya Osetiya, Smolenskaya oblast',


# Stavropol'skij kraj, Tambovskaya oblast', Respublika Tatarstan,


# Tverskaya oblast', Tyl'skaya oblast', Ul'yanovskaya oblast',


# Chechenskaya Respublika, Chuvashskaya oblast',


# Yaroslavskaya oblast'


Zone Europe/Moscow	 2:30:20 -	LMT	1880


			 2:30	-	MMT	1916 Jul  3 # Moscow Mean Time


			 2:30:48 Russia	%s	1919 Jul  1 2:00


			 3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1922 Oct


			 2:00	-	EET	1930 Jun 21


			 3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1991 Mar 31 2:00s


			 2:00	Russia	EE%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s


			 3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	2011 Mar 27 2:00s


			 4:00	-	MSK


#


# Astrakhanskaya oblast', Kirovskaya oblast', Saratovskaya oblast',


# Volgogradskaya oblast'.  Shanks & Pottenger say Kirov is still at +0400


# but Wikipedia (2006-05-09) says +0300.  Perhaps it switched after the


# others?  But we have no data.


Zone Europe/Volgograd	 2:57:40 -	LMT	1920 Jan  3


			 3:00	-	TSAT	1925 Apr  6 # Tsaritsyn Time


			 3:00	-	STAT	1930 Jun 21 # Stalingrad Time


			 4:00	-	STAT	1961 Nov 11


			 4:00	Russia	VOL%sT	1989 Mar 26 2:00s # Volgograd T


			 3:00	Russia	VOL%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s


			 4:00	-	VOLT	1992 Mar 29 2:00s


			 3:00	Russia	VOL%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s


			 4:00	-	VOLT


#


# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]


# Samarskaya oblast', Udmyrtskaya respublika


Zone Europe/Samara	 3:20:36 -	LMT	1919 Jul  1 2:00


			 3:00	-	SAMT	1930 Jun 21


			 4:00	-	SAMT	1935 Jan 27


			 4:00	Russia	KUY%sT	1989 Mar 26 2:00s # Kuybyshev


			 3:00	Russia	KUY%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s


			 2:00	Russia	KUY%sT	1991 Sep 29 2:00s


			 3:00	-	KUYT	1991 Oct 20 3:00


			 4:00	Russia	SAM%sT	2010 Mar 28 2:00s # Samara Time


			 3:00	Russia	SAM%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s


			 4:00	-	SAMT





#


# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]


# Respublika Bashkortostan, Komi-Permyatskij avtonomnyj okrug,


# Kurganskaya oblast', Orenburgskaya oblast', Permskaya oblast',


# Sverdlovskaya oblast', Tyumenskaya oblast',


# Khanty-Manskijskij avtonomnyj okrug, Chelyabinskaya oblast',


# Yamalo-Nenetskij avtonomnyj okrug.


Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg	 4:02:24 -	LMT	1919 Jul 15 4:00


			 4:00	-	SVET	1930 Jun 21 # Sverdlovsk Time


			 5:00	Russia	SVE%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s


			 4:00	Russia	SVE%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s


			 5:00	Russia	YEK%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s


			 6:00	-	YEKT	# Yekaterinburg Time


#


# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]


# Respublika Altaj, Altajskij kraj, Omskaya oblast'.


Zone Asia/Omsk		 4:53:36 -	LMT	1919 Nov 14


			 5:00	-	OMST	1930 Jun 21 # Omsk TIme


			 6:00	Russia	OMS%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s


			 5:00	Russia	OMS%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s


			 6:00	Russia	OMS%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s


			 7:00	-	OMST


#


# From Paul Eggert (2006-08-19): I'm guessing about Tomsk here; it's


# not clear when it switched from +7 to +6.


# Novosibirskaya oblast', Tomskaya oblast'.


Zone Asia/Novosibirsk	 5:31:40 -	LMT	1919 Dec 14 6:00


			 6:00	-	NOVT	1930 Jun 21 # Novosibirsk Time


			 7:00	Russia	NOV%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s


			 6:00	Russia	NOV%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s


			 7:00	Russia	NOV%sT	1993 May 23 # say Shanks & P.


			 6:00	Russia	NOV%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s


			 7:00	-	NOVT





# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-10-13):


# Kemerovo oblast' (Kemerovo region) in Russia will change current time zone on


# March 28, 2010:


# from current Russia Zone 6 - Krasnoyarsk Time Zone (KRA) UTC +0700


# to Russia Zone 5 - Novosibirsk Time Zone (NOV) UTC +0600


#


# This is according to Government of Russia decree # 740, on September


# 14, 2009 "Application in the territory of the Kemerovo region the Fifth


# time zone." ("Russia Zone 5" or old "USSR Zone 5" is GMT +0600)


#


# Russian Government web site (Russian language)


# <a href="http://www.government.ru/content/governmentactivity/rfgovernmentdecisions/archiv">


# http://www.government.ru/content/governmentactivity/rfgovernmentdecisions/archive/2009/09/14/991633.htm


# </a>


# or Russian-English translation by WorldTimeZone.com with reference


# map to local region and new Russia Time Zone map after March 28, 2010


# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia03.html">


# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia03.html


# </a>


#


# Thus, when Russia will switch to DST on the night of March 28, 2010


# Kemerovo region (Kemerovo oblast') will not change the clock.


#


# As a result, Kemerovo oblast' will be in the same time zone as


# Novosibirsk, Omsk, Tomsk, Barnaul and Altai Republic.





Zone Asia/Novokuznetsk	 5:48:48 -	NMT	1920 Jan  6


			 6:00	-	KRAT	1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time


			 7:00	Russia	KRA%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s


			 6:00	Russia	KRA%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s


			 7:00	Russia	KRA%sT	2010 Mar 28 2:00s


			 6:00	Russia	NOV%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s


			 7:00	-	NOVT # Novosibirsk/Novokuznetsk Time





#


# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]


# Krasnoyarskij kraj,


# Tajmyrskij (Dolgano-Nenetskij) avtonomnyj okrug,


# Respublika Tuva, Respublika Khakasiya, Evenkijskij avtonomnyj okrug.


Zone Asia/Krasnoyarsk	 6:11:20 -	LMT	1920 Jan  6


			 6:00	-	KRAT	1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time


			 7:00	Russia	KRA%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s


			 6:00	Russia	KRA%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s


			 7:00	Russia	KRA%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s


			 8:00	-	KRAT


#


# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]


# Respublika Buryatiya, Irkutskaya oblast',


# Ust'-Ordynskij Buryatskij avtonomnyj okrug.


Zone Asia/Irkutsk	 6:57:20 -	LMT	1880


			 6:57:20 -	IMT	1920 Jan 25 # Irkutsk Mean Time


			 7:00	-	IRKT	1930 Jun 21 # Irkutsk Time


			 8:00	Russia	IRK%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s


			 7:00	Russia	IRK%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s


			 8:00	Russia	IRK%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s


			 9:00	-	IRKT


#


# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2003-10-18): [This region consists of]


# Aginskij Buryatskij avtonomnyj okrug, Amurskaya oblast',


# [parts of] Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya), Chitinskaya oblast'.





# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):


# ...some regions of [Russia] were merged with others since 2005...


# Some names were changed, no big deal, except for one instance: a new name.


# YAK/YAKST: UTC+9 Zabajkal'skij kraj.





# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):


# The Sakha districts are: Aldanskij, Amginskij, Anabarskij,


# Verkhnevilyujskij, Vilyujskij, Gornyj,


# Zhiganskij, Kobyajskij, Lenskij, Megino-Kangalasskij, Mirninskij,


# Namskij, Nyurbinskij, Olenyokskij, Olyokminskij,


# Suntarskij, Tattinskij, Ust'-Aldanskij, Khangalasskij,


# Churapchinskij, Eveno-Bytantajskij Natsional'nij.





Zone Asia/Yakutsk	 8:38:40 -	LMT	1919 Dec 15


			 8:00	-	YAKT	1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time


			 9:00	Russia	YAK%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s


			 8:00	Russia	YAK%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s


			 9:00	Russia	YAK%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s


			 10:00	-	YAKT


#


# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2003-10-18): [This region consists of]


# Evrejskaya avtonomnaya oblast', Khabarovskij kraj, Primorskij kraj,


# [parts of] Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya).





# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):


# The Sakha districts are: Bulunskij, Verkhoyanskij, Tomponskij, Ust'-Majskij,


# Ust'-Yanskij.


Zone Asia/Vladivostok	 8:47:44 -	LMT	1922 Nov 15


			 9:00	-	VLAT	1930 Jun 21 # Vladivostok Time


			10:00	Russia	VLA%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s


			 9:00	Russia	VLA%sST	1992 Jan 19 2:00s


			10:00	Russia	VLA%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s


			11:00	-	VLAT


#


# Sakhalinskaya oblast'.


# The Zone name should be Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, but that's too long.


Zone Asia/Sakhalin	 9:30:48 -	LMT	1905 Aug 23


			 9:00	-	CJT	1938


			 9:00	-	JST	1945 Aug 25


			11:00	Russia	SAK%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s # Sakhalin T.


			10:00	Russia	SAK%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s


			11:00	Russia	SAK%sT	1997 Mar lastSun 2:00s


			10:00	Russia	SAK%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s


			11:00	-	SAKT


#


# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2003-10-18): [This region consists of]


# Magadanskaya oblast', Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya).


# Probably also: Kuril Islands.





# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):


# The Sakha districts are: Abyjskij, Allaikhovskij, Verkhhhnekolymskij, Momskij,


# Nizhnekolymskij, Ojmyakonskij, Srednekolymskij.


Zone Asia/Magadan	10:03:12 -	LMT	1924 May  2


			10:00	-	MAGT	1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time


			11:00	Russia	MAG%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s


			10:00	Russia	MAG%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s


			11:00	Russia	MAG%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s


			12:00	-	MAGT


#


# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]


# Kamchatskaya oblast', Koryakskij avtonomnyj okrug.


#


# The Zone name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski, but that's too long.


Zone Asia/Kamchatka	10:34:36 -	LMT	1922 Nov 10


			11:00	-	PETT	1930 Jun 21 # P-K Time


			12:00	Russia	PET%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s


			11:00	Russia	PET%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s


			12:00	Russia	PET%sT	2010 Mar 28 2:00s


			11:00	Russia	PET%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s


			12:00	-	PETT


#


# Chukotskij avtonomnyj okrug


Zone Asia/Anadyr	11:49:56 -	LMT	1924 May  2


			12:00	-	ANAT	1930 Jun 21 # Anadyr Time


			13:00	Russia	ANA%sT	1982 Apr  1 0:00s


			12:00	Russia	ANA%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s


			11:00	Russia	ANA%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s


			12:00	Russia	ANA%sT	2010 Mar 28 2:00s


			11:00	Russia	ANA%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s


			12:00	-	ANAT





# Serbia


# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]


Zone	Europe/Belgrade	1:22:00	-	LMT	1884


			1:00	-	CET	1941 Apr 18 23:00


			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945


			1:00	-	CET	1945 May 8 2:00s


			1:00	1:00	CEST	1945 Sep 16  2:00s


# Metod Kozelj reports that the legal date of


# transition to EU rules was 1982-11-27, for all of Yugoslavia at the time.


# Shanks & Pottenger don't give as much detail, so go with Kozelj.


			1:00	-	CET	1982 Nov 27


			1:00	EU	CE%sT


Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Ljubljana	# Slovenia


Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Podgorica	# Montenegro


Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Sarajevo	# Bosnia and Herzegovina


Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Skopje	# Macedonia


Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Zagreb	# Croatia





# Slovakia


Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava





# Slovenia


# see Serbia





# Spain


# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S


# For 1917-1919 Whitman gives Apr Sat>=1 - Oct Sat>=1;


# go with Shanks & Pottenger.


Rule	Spain	1917	only	-	May	 5	23:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Spain	1917	1919	-	Oct	 6	23:00s	0	-


Rule	Spain	1918	only	-	Apr	15	23:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Spain	1919	only	-	Apr	 5	23:00s	1:00	S


# Whitman gives 1921 Feb 28 - Oct 14; go with Shanks & Pottenger.


Rule	Spain	1924	only	-	Apr	16	23:00s	1:00	S


# Whitman gives 1924 Oct 14; go with Shanks & Pottenger.


Rule	Spain	1924	only	-	Oct	 4	23:00s	0	-


Rule	Spain	1926	only	-	Apr	17	23:00s	1:00	S


# Whitman says no DST in 1929; go with Shanks & Pottenger.


Rule	Spain	1926	1929	-	Oct	Sat>=1	23:00s	0	-


Rule	Spain	1927	only	-	Apr	 9	23:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Spain	1928	only	-	Apr	14	23:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Spain	1929	only	-	Apr	20	23:00s	1:00	S


# Whitman gives 1937 Jun 16, 1938 Apr 16, 1940 Apr 13;


# go with Shanks & Pottenger.


Rule	Spain	1937	only	-	May	22	23:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Spain	1937	1939	-	Oct	Sat>=1	23:00s	0	-


Rule	Spain	1938	only	-	Mar	22	23:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Spain	1939	only	-	Apr	15	23:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Spain	1940	only	-	Mar	16	23:00s	1:00	S


# Whitman says no DST 1942-1945; go with Shanks & Pottenger.


Rule	Spain	1942	only	-	May	 2	22:00s	2:00	M # Midsummer


Rule	Spain	1942	only	-	Sep	 1	22:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Spain	1943	1946	-	Apr	Sat>=13	22:00s	2:00	M


Rule	Spain	1943	only	-	Oct	 3	22:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Spain	1944	only	-	Oct	10	22:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Spain	1945	only	-	Sep	30	 1:00	1:00	S


Rule	Spain	1946	only	-	Sep	30	 0:00	0	-


Rule	Spain	1949	only	-	Apr	30	23:00	1:00	S


Rule	Spain	1949	only	-	Sep	30	 1:00	0	-


Rule	Spain	1974	1975	-	Apr	Sat>=13	23:00	1:00	S


Rule	Spain	1974	1975	-	Oct	Sun>=1	 1:00	0	-


Rule	Spain	1976	only	-	Mar	27	23:00	1:00	S


Rule	Spain	1976	1977	-	Sep	lastSun	 1:00	0	-


Rule	Spain	1977	1978	-	Apr	 2	23:00	1:00	S


Rule	Spain	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	 1:00	0	-


# The following rules are copied from Morocco from 1967 through 1978.


Rule SpainAfrica 1967	only	-	Jun	 3	12:00	1:00	S


Rule SpainAfrica 1967	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0	-


Rule SpainAfrica 1974	only	-	Jun	24	 0:00	1:00	S


Rule SpainAfrica 1974	only	-	Sep	 1	 0:00	0	-


Rule SpainAfrica 1976	1977	-	May	 1	 0:00	1:00	S


Rule SpainAfrica 1976	only	-	Aug	 1	 0:00	0	-


Rule SpainAfrica 1977	only	-	Sep	28	 0:00	0	-


Rule SpainAfrica 1978	only	-	Jun	 1	 0:00	1:00	S


Rule SpainAfrica 1978	only	-	Aug	 4	 0:00	0	-


# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]


Zone	Europe/Madrid	-0:14:44 -	LMT	1901 Jan  1  0:00s


			 0:00	Spain	WE%sT	1946 Sep 30


			 1:00	Spain	CE%sT	1979


			 1:00	EU	CE%sT


Zone	Africa/Ceuta	-0:21:16 -	LMT	1901


			 0:00	-	WET	1918 May  6 23:00


			 0:00	1:00	WEST	1918 Oct  7 23:00


			 0:00	-	WET	1924


			 0:00	Spain	WE%sT	1929


			 0:00 SpainAfrica WE%sT 1984 Mar 16


			 1:00	-	CET	1986


			 1:00	EU	CE%sT


Zone	Atlantic/Canary	-1:01:36 -	LMT	1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C.


			-1:00	-	CANT	1946 Sep 30 1:00 # Canaries Time


			 0:00	-	WET	1980 Apr  6 0:00s


			 0:00	1:00	WEST	1980 Sep 28 0:00s


			 0:00	EU	WE%sT


# IATA SSIM (1996-09) says the Canaries switch at 2:00u, not 1:00u.


# Ignore this for now, as the Canaries are part of the EU.





# Sweden





# From Ivan Nilsson (2001-04-13), superseding Shanks & Pottenger:


#


# The law "Svensk forfattningssamling 1878, no 14" about standard time in 1879:


# From the beginning of 1879 (that is 01-01 00:00) the time for all


# places in the country is "the mean solar time for the meridian at


# three degrees, or twelve minutes of time, to the west of the


# meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm".  The law is dated 1878-05-31.


#


# The observatory at that time had the meridian 18 degrees 03' 30"


# eastern longitude = 01:12:14 in time.  Less 12 minutes gives the


# national standard time as 01:00:14 ahead of GMT....


#


# About the beginning of CET in Sweden. The lawtext ("Svensk


# forfattningssamling 1899, no 44") states, that "from the beginning


# of 1900... ... the same as the mean solar time for the meridian at


# the distance of one hour of time from the meridian of the English


# observatory at Greenwich, or at 12 minutes 14 seconds to the west


# from the meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated


# 1899-06-16.  In short: At 1900-01-01 00:00:00 the new standard time


# in Sweden is 01:00:00 ahead of GMT.


#


# 1916: The lawtext ("Svensk forfattningssamling 1916, no 124") states


# that "1916-05-15 is considered to begin one hour earlier". It is


# pretty obvious that at 05-14 23:00 the clocks are set to 05-15 00:00....


# Further the law says, that "1916-09-30 is considered to end one hour later".


#


# The laws regulating [DST] are available on the site of the Swedish


# Parliament beginning with 1985 - the laws regulating 1980/1984 are


# not available on the site (to my knowledge they are only available


# in Swedish): <http://www.riksdagen.se/english/work/sfst.asp> (type


# "sommartid" without the quotes in the field "Fritext" and then click


# the Sok-button).


#


# (2001-05-13):


#


# I have now found a newspaper stating that at 1916-10-01 01:00


# summertime the church-clocks etc were set back one hour to show


# 1916-10-01 00:00 standard time.  The article also reports that some


# people thought the switch to standard time would take place already


# at 1916-10-01 00:00 summer time, but they had to wait for another


# hour before the event took place.


#


# Source: The newspaper "Dagens Nyheter", 1916-10-01, page 7 upper left.





# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]


Zone Europe/Stockholm	1:12:12 -	LMT	1879 Jan  1


			1:00:14	-	SET	1900 Jan  1	# Swedish Time


			1:00	-	CET	1916 May 14 23:00


			1:00	1:00	CEST	1916 Oct  1 01:00


			1:00	-	CET	1980


			1:00	EU	CE%sT





# Switzerland


# From Howse:


# By the end of the 18th century clocks and watches became commonplace


# and their performance improved enormously.  Communities began to keep


# mean time in preference to apparent time -- Geneva from 1780 ....


# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S


# From Whitman (who writes ``Midnight?''):


# Rule	Swiss	1940	only	-	Nov	 2	0:00	1:00	S


# Rule	Swiss	1940	only	-	Dec	31	0:00	0	-


# From Shanks & Pottenger:


# Rule	Swiss	1941	1942	-	May	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	S


# Rule	Swiss	1941	1942	-	Oct	Sun>=1	0:00	0	-





# From Alois Treindl (2008-12-17):


# I have researched the DST usage in Switzerland during the 1940ies.


#


# As I wrote in an earlier message, I suspected the current tzdata values


# to be wrong. This is now verified.


#


# I have found copies of the original ruling by the Swiss Federal


# government, in 'Eidgen[o]ssische Gesetzessammlung 1941 and 1942' (Swiss


# federal law collection)...


#


# DST began on Monday 5 May 1941, 1:00 am by shifting the clocks to 2:00 am


# DST ended on Monday 6 Oct 1941, 2:00 am by shifting the clocks to 1:00 am.


#


# DST began on Monday, 4 May 1942 at 01:00 am


# DST ended on Monday, 5 Oct 1942 at 02:00 am


#


# There was no DST in 1940, I have checked the law collection carefully.


# It is also indicated by the fact that the 1942 entry in the law


# collection points back to 1941 as a reference, but no reference to any


# other years are made.


#


# Newspaper articles I have read in the archives on 6 May 1941 reported


# about the introduction of DST (Sommerzeit in German) during the previous


# night as an absolute novelty, because this was the first time that such


# a thing had happened in Switzerland.


#


# I have also checked 1916, because one book source (Gabriel, Traite de


# l'heure dans le monde) claims that Switzerland had DST in 1916. This is


# false, no official document could be found. Probably Gabriel got misled


# by references to Germany, which introduced DST in 1916 for the first time.


#


# The tzdata rules for Switzerland must be changed to:


# Rule  Swiss   1941    1942    -       May     Mon>=1  1:00    1:00    S


# Rule  Swiss   1941    1942    -       Oct     Mon>=1  2:00    0       -


#


# The 1940 rules must be deleted.


#


# One further detail for Switzerland, which is probably out of scope for


# most users of tzdata:


# The zone file


# Zone    Europe/Zurich   0:34:08 -       LMT     1848 Sep 12


#                          0:29:44 -       BMT     1894 Jun #Bern Mean Time


#                          1:00    Swiss   CE%sT   1981


#                          1:00    EU      CE%sT


# describes all of Switzerland correctly, with the exception of


# the Cantone Geneve (Geneva, Genf). Between 1848 and 1894 Geneve did not


# follow Bern Mean Time but kept its own local mean time.


# To represent this, an extra zone would be needed.





# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S


Rule	Swiss	1941	1942	-	May	Mon>=1	1:00	1:00	S


Rule	Swiss	1941	1942	-	Oct	Mon>=1	2:00	0	-


# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]


Zone	Europe/Zurich	0:34:08 -	LMT	1848 Sep 12


			0:29:44	-	BMT	1894 Jun # Bern Mean Time


			1:00	Swiss	CE%sT	1981


			1:00	EU	CE%sT





# Turkey





# From Amar Devegowda (2007-01-03):


# The time zone rules for Istanbul, Turkey have not been changed for years now.


# ... The latest rules are available at -


# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=107


# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-01-03):


# I have been able to find press records back to 1996 which all say that


# DST started 01:00 local time and end at 02:00 local time.  I am not sure


# what happened before that.  One example for each year from 1996 to 2001:


# http://newspot.byegm.gov.tr/arsiv/1996/21/N4.htm


# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING97/03/97X03X25.TXT


# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING98/03/98X03X02.HTM


# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING99/10/99X10X26.HTM#%2016


# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING2000/03/00X03X06.HTM#%2021


# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING2001/03/23x03x01.HTM#%2027


# From Paul Eggert (2007-01-03):


# Prefer the above source to Shanks & Pottenger for time stamps after 1990.





# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-03-09):


# Starting 2007 though, it seems that they are adopting EU's 1:00 UTC


# start/end time, according to the following page (2007-03-07):


# http://www.ntvmsnbc.com/news/402029.asp


# The official document is located here - it is in Turkish...:


# http://rega.basbakanlik.gov.tr/eskiler/2007/03/20070307-7.htm


# I was able to locate the following seemingly official document


# (on a non-government server though) describing dates between 2002 and 2006:


# http://www.alomaliye.com/bkk_2002_3769.htm





# From G&ouml;kdeniz Karada&#x011f; (2011-03-10):


#


# According to the articles linked below, Turkey will change into summer


# time zone (GMT+3) on March 28, 2011 at 3:00 a.m. instead of March 27.


# This change is due to a nationwide exam on 27th.


#


# <a href="http://www.worldbulletin.net/?aType=haber&ArticleID=70872">


# http://www.worldbulletin.net/?aType=haber&ArticleID=70872


# </a>


# Turkish:


# <a href="http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/ekonomi/17230464.asp?gid=373">


# http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/ekonomi/17230464.asp?gid=373


# </a>





# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S


Rule	Turkey	1916	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	S


Rule	Turkey	1916	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-


Rule	Turkey	1920	only	-	Mar	28	0:00	1:00	S


Rule	Turkey	1920	only	-	Oct	25	0:00	0	-


Rule	Turkey	1921	only	-	Apr	 3	0:00	1:00	S


Rule	Turkey	1921	only	-	Oct	 3	0:00	0	-


Rule	Turkey	1922	only	-	Mar	26	0:00	1:00	S


Rule	Turkey	1922	only	-	Oct	 8	0:00	0	-


# Whitman gives 1923 Apr 28 - Sep 16 and no DST in 1924-1925;


# go with Shanks & Pottenger.


Rule	Turkey	1924	only	-	May	13	0:00	1:00	S


Rule	Turkey	1924	1925	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-


Rule	Turkey	1925	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	S


Rule	Turkey	1940	only	-	Jun	30	0:00	1:00	S


Rule	Turkey	1940	only	-	Oct	 5	0:00	0	-


Rule	Turkey	1940	only	-	Dec	 1	0:00	1:00	S


Rule	Turkey	1941	only	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	-


Rule	Turkey	1942	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S


# Whitman omits the next two transition and gives 1945 Oct 1;


# go with Shanks & Pottenger.


Rule	Turkey	1942	only	-	Nov	 1	0:00	0	-


Rule	Turkey	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	0:00	1:00	S


Rule	Turkey	1945	only	-	Oct	 8	0:00	0	-


Rule	Turkey	1946	only	-	Jun	 1	0:00	1:00	S


Rule	Turkey	1946	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-


Rule	Turkey	1947	1948	-	Apr	Sun>=16	0:00	1:00	S


Rule	Turkey	1947	1950	-	Oct	Sun>=2	0:00	0	-


Rule	Turkey	1949	only	-	Apr	10	0:00	1:00	S


Rule	Turkey	1950	only	-	Apr	19	0:00	1:00	S


Rule	Turkey	1951	only	-	Apr	22	0:00	1:00	S


Rule	Turkey	1951	only	-	Oct	 8	0:00	0	-


Rule	Turkey	1962	only	-	Jul	15	0:00	1:00	S


Rule	Turkey	1962	only	-	Oct	 8	0:00	0	-


Rule	Turkey	1964	only	-	May	15	0:00	1:00	S


Rule	Turkey	1964	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-


Rule	Turkey	1970	1972	-	May	Sun>=2	0:00	1:00	S


Rule	Turkey	1970	1972	-	Oct	Sun>=2	0:00	0	-


Rule	Turkey	1973	only	-	Jun	 3	1:00	1:00	S


Rule	Turkey	1973	only	-	Nov	 4	3:00	0	-


Rule	Turkey	1974	only	-	Mar	31	2:00	1:00	S


Rule	Turkey	1974	only	-	Nov	 3	5:00	0	-


Rule	Turkey	1975	only	-	Mar	30	0:00	1:00	S


Rule	Turkey	1975	1976	-	Oct	lastSun	0:00	0	-


Rule	Turkey	1976	only	-	Jun	 1	0:00	1:00	S


Rule	Turkey	1977	1978	-	Apr	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	S


Rule	Turkey	1977	only	-	Oct	16	0:00	0	-


Rule	Turkey	1979	1980	-	Apr	Sun>=1	3:00	1:00	S


Rule	Turkey	1979	1982	-	Oct	Mon>=11	0:00	0	-


Rule	Turkey	1981	1982	-	Mar	lastSun	3:00	1:00	S


Rule	Turkey	1983	only	-	Jul	31	0:00	1:00	S


Rule	Turkey	1983	only	-	Oct	 2	0:00	0	-


Rule	Turkey	1985	only	-	Apr	20	0:00	1:00	S


Rule	Turkey	1985	only	-	Sep	28	0:00	0	-


Rule	Turkey	1986	1990	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Turkey	1986	1990	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00s	0	-


Rule	Turkey	1991	2006	-	Mar	lastSun	1:00s	1:00	S


Rule	Turkey	1991	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	1:00s	0	-


Rule	Turkey	1996	2006	-	Oct	lastSun	1:00s	0	-


# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]


Zone	Europe/Istanbul	1:55:52 -	LMT	1880


			1:56:56	-	IMT	1910 Oct # Istanbul Mean Time?


			2:00	Turkey	EE%sT	1978 Oct 15


			3:00	Turkey	TR%sT	1985 Apr 20 # Turkey Time


			2:00	Turkey	EE%sT	2007


			2:00	EU	EE%sT	2011 Mar 27 1:00u


			2:00	-	EET	2011 Mar 28 1:00u


			2:00	EU	EE%sT


Link	Europe/Istanbul	Asia/Istanbul	# Istanbul is in both continents.





# Ukraine


#


# From Igor Karpov, who works for the Ukranian Ministry of Justice,


# via Garrett Wollman (2003-01-27):


# BTW, I've found the official document on this matter. It's goverment


# regulations number 509, May 13, 1996. In my poor translation it says:


# "Time in Ukraine is set to second timezone (Kiev time). Each last Sunday


# of March at 3am the time is changing to 4am and each last Sunday of


# October the time at 4am is changing to 3am"





# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-09-20):


# On September 20, 2011 the deputies of the Verkhovna Rada agreed to


# abolish the transfer clock to winter time.


#


# Bill number 8330 of MP from the Party of Regions Oleg Nadoshi got


# approval from 266 deputies.


#


# Ukraine abolishes transter back to the winter time (in Russian)


# <a href="http://news.mail.ru/politics/6861560/">


# http://news.mail.ru/politics/6861560/


# </a>


#


# The Ukrainians will no longer change the clock (in Russian)


# <a href="http://www.segodnya.ua/news/14290482.html">


# http://www.segodnya.ua/news/14290482.html


# </a>


#


# Deputies cancelled the winter time (in Russian)


# <a href="http://www.pravda.com.ua/rus/news/2011/09/20/6600616/">


# http://www.pravda.com.ua/rus/news/2011/09/20/6600616/


# </a>


#


# From Philip Pizzey (2011-10-18):


# Today my Ukrainian colleagues have informed me that the


# Ukrainian parliament have decided that they will go to winter


# time this year after all.


#


# From Udo Schwedt (2011-10-18):


# As far as I understand, the recent change to the Ukranian time zone


# (Europe/Kiev) to introduce permanent daylight saving time (similar


# to Russia) was reverted today:


#


# <a href="http://portal.rada.gov.ua/rada/control/en/publish/article/info_left?art_id=287324&cat_id=105995">


# http://portal.rada.gov.ua/rada/control/en/publish/article/info_left?art_id=287324&cat_id=105995


# </a>


#


# Also reported by Alexander Bokovoy (2011-10-18) who also noted:


# The law documents themselves are at


#


# <a href="http://w1.c1.rada.gov.ua/pls/zweb_n/webproc4_1?id=&pf3511=41484">


# http://w1.c1.rada.gov.ua/pls/zweb_n/webproc4_1?id=&pf3511=41484


# </a>








# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]


# Most of Ukraine since 1970 has been like Kiev.


# "Kyiv" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but


# "Kiev" is more common in English.


Zone Europe/Kiev	2:02:04 -	LMT	1880


			2:02:04	-	KMT	1924 May  2 # Kiev Mean Time


			2:00	-	EET	1930 Jun 21


			3:00	-	MSK	1941 Sep 20


			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1943 Nov  6


			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1990


			3:00	-	MSK	1990 Jul  1 2:00


			2:00	-	EET	1992


			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT	1995


			2:00	EU	EE%sT


# Ruthenia used CET 1990/1991.


# "Uzhhorod" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but


# "Uzhgorod" is more common in English.


Zone Europe/Uzhgorod	1:29:12 -	LMT	1890 Oct


			1:00	-	CET	1940


			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Oct


			1:00	1:00	CEST	1944 Oct 26


			1:00	-	CET	1945 Jun 29


			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1990


			3:00	-	MSK	1990 Jul  1 2:00


			1:00	-	CET	1991 Mar 31 3:00


			2:00	-	EET	1992


			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT	1995


			2:00	EU	EE%sT


# Zaporozh'ye and eastern Lugansk oblasts observed DST 1990/1991.


# "Zaporizhia" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but


# "Zaporozh'ye" is more common in English.  Use the common English


# spelling, except omit the apostrophe as it is not allowed in


# portable Posix file names.


Zone Europe/Zaporozhye	2:20:40 -	LMT	1880


			2:20	-	CUT	1924 May  2 # Central Ukraine T


			2:00	-	EET	1930 Jun 21


			3:00	-	MSK	1941 Aug 25


			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1943 Oct 25


			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1991 Mar 31 2:00


			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT	1995


			2:00	EU	EE%sT


# Central Crimea used Moscow time 1994/1997.


Zone Europe/Simferopol	2:16:24 -	LMT	1880


			2:16	-	SMT	1924 May  2 # Simferopol Mean T


			2:00	-	EET	1930 Jun 21


			3:00	-	MSK	1941 Nov


			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Apr 13


			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1990


			3:00	-	MSK	1990 Jul  1 2:00


			2:00	-	EET	1992


# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):


# The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that central Crimea switched


# from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections.


# Shanks (1999) says ``date of change uncertain'', but implies that it happened


# sometime between the 1994 DST switches.  Shanks & Pottenger simply say


# 1994-09-25 03:00, but that can't be right.  For now, guess it


# changed in May.


			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT	1994 May


# From IATA SSIM (1994/1997), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev.


			3:00	E-Eur	MSK/MSD	1996 Mar 31 3:00s


			3:00	1:00	MSD	1996 Oct 27 3:00s


# IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Crimea switched to EET/EEST.


# Assume it happened in March by not changing the clocks.


			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1997


			3:00	-	MSK	1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u


			2:00	EU	EE%sT





###############################################################################





# One source shows that Bulgaria, Cyprus, Finland, and Greece observe DST from


# the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in September in 1986.


# The source shows Romania changing a day later than everybody else.


#


# According to Bernard Sieloff's source, Poland is in the MET time zone but


# uses the WE DST rules.  The Western USSR uses EET+1 and ME DST rules.


# Bernard Sieloff's source claims Romania switches on the same day, but at


# 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST).  It also claims that Turkey


# switches on the same day, but switches on at 01:00 standard time


# and off at 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST)





# ...


# Date: Wed, 28 Jan 87 16:56:27 -0100


# From: Tom Hofmann


# ...


#


# ...the European time rules are...standardized since 1981, when


# most European coun[tr]ies started DST.  Before that year, only


# a few countries (UK, France, Italy) had DST, each according


# to own national rules.  In 1981, however, DST started on


# 'Apr firstSun', and not on 'Mar lastSun' as in the following


# years...


# But also since 1981 there are some more national exceptions


# than listed in 'europe': Switzerland, for example, joined DST


# one year later, Denmark ended DST on 'Oct 1' instead of 'Sep


# lastSun' in 1981---I don't know how they handle now.


#


# Finally, DST ist always from 'Apr 1' to 'Oct 1' in the


# Soviet Union (as far as I know).


#


# Tom Hofmann, Scientific Computer Center, CIBA-GEIGY AG,


# 4002 Basle, Switzerland


# ...





# ...


# Date: Wed, 4 Feb 87 22:35:22 +0100


# From: Dik T. Winter


# ...


#


# The information from Tom Hofmann is (as far as I know) not entirely correct.


# After a request from chongo at amdahl I tried to retrieve all information


# about DST in Europe.  I was able to find all from about 1969.


#


# ...standardization on DST in Europe started in about 1977 with switches on


# first Sunday in April and last Sunday in September...


# In 1981 UK joined Europe insofar that


# the starting day for both shifted to last Sunday in March.  And from 1982


# the whole of Europe used DST, with switch dates April 1 and October 1 in


# the Sov[i]et Union.  In 1985 the SU reverted to standard Europe[a]n switch


# dates...


#


# It should also be remembered that time-zones are not constants; e.g.


# Portugal switched in 1976 from MET (or CET) to WET with DST...


# Note also that though there were rules for switch dates not


# all countries abided to these dates, and many individual deviations


# occurred, though not since 1982 I believe.  Another note: it is always


# assumed that DST is 1 hour ahead of normal time, this need not be the


# case; at least in the Netherlands there have been times when DST was 2 hours


# in advance of normal time.


#


# ...


# dik t. winter, cwi, amsterdam, nederland


# ...





# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):


# ...


# Greece: Last Sunday in April to last Sunday in September (iffy on dates).


# Since 1978.  Change at midnight.


# ...


# Monaco: has same DST as France.


# ...


